Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40287780›Full record

ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025

Effects of caffeinated chewing gum-induced sympathetic activation and diuretic effect on the rapid rate of weight loss in bodybuilders: a double-blind crossover study.

Hou-Shao Liu, Takashi Okada, Hiroku Mitsuya, Meng-Hung Hsieh, Chien-Wen Hou, Chih-Chun Chang, Chih-Hui Chiu

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06431035 (Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Dehydration Ability in Bodybuilding Athletes), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06431035 nacompletednot on this map

Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Dehydration Ability in Bodybuilding Athletes: a Crossover Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorChih-Hui ChiuRan2024 to 2024Enrolled14ConditionsCaffeine, PlaceboArmscaffeine
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hou-Shao LiuInstitute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
Takashi OkadaFaculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroku MitsuyaResearch Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
Meng-Hung HsiehDepartment of Physical Education, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Chien-Wen HouInstitute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chih-Chun ChangDepartment of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, No.16, Sec. 1, Shuang-Shih Rd, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
Chih-Hui ChiuDepartment of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, No.16, Sec. 1, Shuang-Shih Rd, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. chiuch@ntus.edu.tw.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate effects of caffeinated chewing gum-induced sympathetic activation and diuretic effect on the rapid rate of weight loss in bodybuilders.

methodsFourteen current elite natural bodybuilding athletes (age: 26 ± 7 years old; BMI: 26.9 ± 7.1 kg/m

resultsThe urination volume (P = 0.040) and sympathetic activation were significantly higher in the CAF trial than in the PL trial during dehydration exercise (P < 0.05). Time to dehydration (P = 0.024) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) score during exercise were significantly lower in the CAF trial than in the PL trial. There were no significant differences in heart rate and energy expenditure during dehydration exercise between the two trials (P < 0.05).

conclusionsThis study found that chewing caffeinated gum increased sympathetic nerve activity and accelerated dehydration in bodybuilders.

trial registrationThis study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Date: 04/08/2024; ID "NCT06431035"; https://register. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ).

Indexed as

DiureticEndurance exerciseSympathetic nerve activity

Identifiers

PMID40287780
PMCPMC12032657

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.