Evidence mapPaperPMID 40289448Full record

ArticleDiabetes & metabolism journal2025

Current Status of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use in South Korean Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Population-Pronounced Age-Related Disparities: Nationwide Cohort Study.

Ji Yoon Kim, Seohyun Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ji Yoon Kim *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Seohyun Kim *Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
Jae Hyeon KimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgruoundThis study aims to identify the status of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in South Korea and to investigate whether age-related disparities exist.

methodsIndividuals with T1DM receiving intensive insulin therapy were identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Cohort (2019-2022). Characteristics of CGM users and non-users were compared, and the prescription rates of CGM and sensor- augmented pump (SAP) or automated insulin delivery (AID) systems according to age groups (<19, 19-39, 40-59, and ≥60 years) were analyzed using chi-square tests. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and coefficients of variation (CV) among CGM users were also examined.

resultsAmong the 56,908 individuals with T1DM, 10,822 (19.0%) used CGM at least once, and 6,073 (10.7%) used CGM continuously. Only 241 (0.4%) individuals utilized either SAP or AID systems. CGM users were younger than non-users. The continuous prescription rate of CGM was highest among individuals aged <19 years (37.0%), followed by those aged 19-39 years (15.8%), 40-59 years (10.7%), and ≥60 years (3.9%) (P<0.001 for between-group differences). Among CGM users, HbA1c levels decreased from 8.7%±2.4% at baseline to 7.2%±1.2% at 24 months, and CV decreased from 36.6%±11.9% at 3 months to 34.1%±12.7% at 24 months.

conclusionDespite national reimbursement for CGM devices, the prescription rates of CGM remain low, particularly among older adults. Given the improvements in HbA1c and CV following CGM initiation, more efforts are needed to increase CGM utilization and reduce age-related disparities.

Indexed as

Blood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Healthcare DisparitiesAdolescentAdultAge FactorsBlood GlucoseCohort StudiesContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsMaleBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinContinuous glucose monitoringDiabetes mellitus, type 1Digital healthGlycated hemoglobinHealth status disparitiesPancreas, artificial

Identifiers

PMID40289448
PMCPMC12436030

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.