Evidence mapPaperPMID 40290039Full record

ReviewNutrients2025

Breastfeeding and Future Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Health-A Narrative Review.

You-Lin Tain, Ying-Jui Lin, Chien-Ning Hsu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
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  10. Very low enalapril and enalaprilat exposureFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

You-Lin TainDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-7059-6407
Ying-Jui LinDivision of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
Chien-Ning HsuDepartment of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-7470-528X

Funding

National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan 113-2314-B-182A-118
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and infant are generally recognized; however, the connections between breast milk, lactation, and long-term offspring health and disease remain incompletely understood. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKMS) has become a major global public health challenge. Insufficient breast milk supply, combined with various early-life environmental factors, markedly increases the future risk of CKMS, as highlighted by the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept. Given its richness in nutrients and bioactive components essential for infant health, this review focuses on reprogramming strategies involving breast milk to improve offspring's cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health. It also highlights recent experimental advances in understanding the mechanisms driving CKMS programming. Cumulatively, the evidence suggests that lactational impairment heightens the risk of CKMS development. In contrast, early interventions during the lactation period focused on animal models that leverage breast milk components in response to early-life cues show potential in improving cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic outcomes-an area warranting further investigation and clinical translation.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingCardiovascular DiseasesKidney DiseasesMetabolic SyndromeAnimalsFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornKidneyLactationMilk, Humanbreastfeedingcardiovascular diseasedevelopmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)kidney diseaselactationmetabolic syndromemicrobiotamilk composition

Identifiers

PMID40290039
PMCPMC11944316

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.