ArticleInfection and drug resistance2025
Doxycycline-Induced Apoptosis in
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- HMC3 revealed: how much do these "Microglia" really tell us?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to elucidate the apoptotic mechanism induced by doxycycline (Dox) in human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cells infected with the Methods: The expression of calreticulin (CALR) at both the protein and mRNA levels was assessed using Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively, following exposure of HMC3 cells to varying concentrations and treatment durations of Dox. Apoptosis rates were determined via flow cytometry. To investigate the involvement of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1)/Caspase-12/Caspase-3 pathway, CALR protein levels were analyzed through Western blot after a 12-hour treatment with 160 μM Dox. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺) concentrations were evaluated using fluorescent staining. The same parameters were measured in Results: Treatment with 160 μM Dox for 12 hours resulted in a reduction in CALR protein levels and the induction of apoptosis in HMC3 cells. The downregulation of CALR activated the IRE1/Caspase-12/Caspase-3 signaling pathway, leading to apoptosis. Similar apoptotic effects were observed in Conclusion: Dox promotes apoptosis in
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Registered trials
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