Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40290897›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025

Transdermal delivery of timolol maleate using hydrogel microneedles for the treatment of infantile haemangiomas.

Xiaokun Lin, Tongshuai Kuang, Lei Wang, Wei Cai, Linxing Yang, Changrong Guo, Xinyang Pan, Yuanhao Wang, Qiang Gao, Kaihui Nan and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Microneedles: Selected Applications for Pediatrics.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiaokun LinDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Tongshuai KuangDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Lei WangWenzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Wei CaiDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Linxing YangState Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Changrong GuoState Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Xinyang PanState Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Yuanhao WangState Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Qiang GaoWenzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Kaihui NanWenzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Lingli LiWenzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infantile haemangioma (IH), the most prevalent vascular tumour in infants, requires early intervention because of the potential complications in critical areas such as the head and face. Current treatments, including topical timolol maleate (TIM), face challenges such as poor compliance, low drug utilisation, and lengthy treatment durations. In this study, we developed a hydrogel microneedle (MN) using photocurable bovine serum albumin methacryloyl (BSAMA) as a carrier for TIM. Our results showed the controlled release of TIM from BSAMA-TIM MNs, with approximately 69 % release ratio within 72 h.

Indexed as

Bovine serum albumin methacryloylHydrogel microneedlesInfantile haemangiomaTimolol maleateTransdermal drug delivery systems

Identifiers

PMID40290897
PMCPMC12022664

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.