ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2025
Born to win? Investigating the relative age effects in the big five European women's football leagues.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Positional relative age effect in europe's top ten football leagues.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- "More players can reach national and international levels": coaches perceptions of "birthday-banding" in youth squash and its potential for minimising relative age effects.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: This study examines the presence of the Relative Age Effects (RAEs) among players in the top five European women's football leagues during the 2023/24 season. Methods: A total of 1,634 professional players from the Women's Super League (England), Liga F (Spain), Frauen-Bundesliga (Germany), Serie A Femminile (Italy), and Division 1 Féminine (France) were analyzed. Birth date distributions were assessed to determine the prevalence of RAEs both collectively and within each league. Results: Poisson regression analyses revealed significant overall RAEs, with a higher proportion of players born in the first semester of the year. Individually, significant RAEs were found in England, Spain, Italy, and France, while Germany did not exhibit statistically significant effects. When analyzed by playing position, significant RAEs were observed among goalkeepers and midfielders, but not among defenders and forwards. Discussion: These findings highlight the ongoing influence of RAEs in elite women's football and underscore the need for strategies to mitigate its impact on talent identification and player development.
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Registered trials
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