ReviewPolymers2025
Research Progress in Electroactive Polymers for Soft Robotics and Artificial Muscle Applications.
Review in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical translation and engineering challenges of soft robotic cardiac sleeves for heart failure.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Artificial Muscles: Electrostatic Actuation and Design Tradeoffs.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Strength and Toughness in Slide-Ring Polymer Networks: Insights from Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations.Macromolecules · 2026Article
- Phthalate-Free Plasticization of Electrostrictive P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) for Enhanced Actuation.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Biomimetic Artificial Muscles Inspired by Nature's Volume-Change Actuation Mechanisms.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Soft robots, constructed from deformable materials, offer significant advantages over rigid robots by mimicking biological tissues and providing enhanced adaptability, safety, and functionality across various applications. Central to these robots are electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators, which allow large deformations in response to external stimuli. This review examines various EAP actuators, including dielectric elastomers, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), and ionic polymers, focusing on their potential as artificial muscles. EAPs, particularly ionic and electronic varieties, are noted for their high actuation strain, flexibility, lightweight nature, and energy efficiency, making them ideal for applications in mechatronics, robotics, and biomedical engineering. This review also highlights piezoelectric polymers like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), known for their flexibility, biocompatibility, and ease of fabrication, contributing to tactile and pressure sensing in robotic systems. Additionally, conducting polymers, with their fast actuation speeds and high strain capabilities, are explored, alongside magnetic polymer composites (MPCs) with applications in biomedicine and electronics. The integration of machine learning (ML) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming soft robotics, enhancing actuation, control, and design. Finally, the paper discusses future directions in soft robotics, focusing on self-healing composites, bio-inspired designs, sustainability, and the continued integration of IoT and ML for intelligent, adaptive, and responsive robotic systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.