Evidence mapPaperPMID 40296103Full record

ArticleCardio-oncology (London, England)2025

Time dependent predictors of cardiac inflammatory adverse events in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Michael Sayer, Hirofumi Hamano, Misako Nagasaka, Benjamin J Lee, Jean Doh, Pranav M Patel, Yoshito Zamami, Aya F Ozaki

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cardio-oncology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Machine learning approaches to predict early cardiac immune-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Michael SayerSchool of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, 802 W Peltason Dr, Room 106A, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
Hirofumi HamanoDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
Misako NagasakaDivision of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Benjamin J LeeDepartment of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA.
Jean DohDepartment of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA.
Pranav M PatelDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Yoshito ZamamiDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
Aya F OzakiSchool of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, 802 W Peltason Dr, Room 106A, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA. afozaki@uci.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardio-inflammatory immune related adverse events (irAEs) while receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy are particularly consequential due to their associations with poorer treatment outcomes. Evaluation of predictive factors of these serious irAEs with a time dependent approach allows better understanding of patients most at risk.

objectiveTo identify different elements of patient data that are significant predictors of early and late-onset or delayed cardio-inflammatory irAEs through various predictive modeling strategies.

methodsA cohort of patients receiving ICI therapy from January 1, 2010 to May 1, 2022 was identified from TriNetX meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria. Patient data collected included occurrence of early and later cardio-inflammatory irAEs, patient survival time, patient demographic information, ICI therapies, comorbidities, and medication histories. Predictive and statistical modeling approaches identified unique risk factors for early and later developing cardio-inflammatory irAEs.

resultsA cohort of 66,068 patients on ICI therapy were identified in the TriNetX platform; 193 (0.30%) experienced early cardio-inflammatory irAEs and 175 (0.26%) experienced later cardio-inflammatory irAEs. Significant predictors for early irAEs included: anti-PD-1 therapy at index, combination ICI therapy at index, and history of peripheral vascular disease. Significant predictors for later irAEs included: a history of myocarditis and/or pericarditis, cerebrovascular disease, and history of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication use.

conclusionsCardio-inflammatory irAEs can be divided into clinically meaningful categories of early and late based on time since initiation of ICI therapy. Considering distinct risk factors for early-onset and late-onset events may allow for more effective patient monitoring and risk assessment.

Indexed as

Immune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune-Related adverse eventsMyocarditisPericarditisPredictive modelingTriNetx

Identifiers

PMID40296103
PMCPMC12036232

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.