Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40299427›Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2025

MASLD: Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Sex-Based Therapies in Postmenopausal Women.

Ilaria Milani, Marianna Chinucci, Frida Leonetti, Danila Capoccia

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. The menopause-obesity axis in MASH progression: from estrogen decline to liver fibrosis.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ilaria MilaniDepartment of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 04100 Latina, Italy.ORCID 0009-0004-0120-4731
Marianna ChinucciDepartment of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 04100 Latina, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-8865-3988
Frida LeonettiDepartment of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 04100 Latina, Italy.
Danila CapocciaDepartment of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 04100 Latina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1674-6686

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease influenced by genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. While MASLD is more prevalent in men, women are at increased risk after menopause, highlighting the critical pathogenetic role of sex hormones. The complex interplay between estrogen deficiency, visceral fat accumulation, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and inflammation accelerates disease progression, increases cardiovascular (CV) risk, and triggers a cycle of worsening adiposity, metabolic dysfunction, and psychological problems, including eating disorders. Weight loss in postmenopausal women can significantly improve both metabolic and psychological outcomes, helping to prevent MASLD and related conditions. This review examines the prevalence of MASLD, its comorbidities (type 2 diabetes T2D, CV, mental disorders), pathogenetic mechanisms, and pharmacological treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs), with a focus on postmenopausal women. Given the use of GLP1-RAs in the treatment of obesity and T2D in MASLD patients, and the increase in MetS and MASLD after menopause, this review analyzes the potential of a stable GLP-1-estrogen conjugate as a therapeutic approach in this subgroup. By combining the synergistic effects of both hormones, this dual agonist has been shown to increase food intake and food reward suppression, resulting in greater weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Therefore, we hypothesize that this pharmacotherapy may provide more targeted therapeutic benefits than either hormone alone by protecting the liver, β-cells, and overall metabolic health. As these effects are only supported by preclinical data, this review highlights the critical need for future research to evaluate and confirm the mechanisms and efficacy in clinical settings, particularly in postmenopausal women.

Indexed as

estrogensGLP1-RAsmenopausemetabolic dysfunctionsex hormonessteatosis

Identifiers

PMID40299427
PMCPMC12024897

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.