Evidence mapPaperPMID 40301830Full record

SynthesisBMC psychiatry2025

Prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome among psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mulualem Kelebie, Getasew Kibralew, Gebresilassie Tadesse, Girum Nakie, Dawed Ali, Biruk Fanta, Mulu Muche, Setegn Fentahun, Gidey Rtbey, Girmaw Medfu Takelle

Registry-linked trialAbstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07446218 (Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions in Psychiatric Patients on Second Generation Antipsychotics), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07446218 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions in Psychiatric Patients on Second Generation Antipsychotics

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of LahoreRan2026 to 2026Enrolled148ConditionsMental Disorders, Metabolic SyndromeArmsPharmacist monitoring and counseling to prevent or delay metabolic syndrome
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mulualem KelebieDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. mulualem2323@gmail.com.
Getasew KibralewDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Gebresilassie TadesseDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Girum NakieDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Dawed AliDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Biruk FantaDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Mulu MucheDepartment of Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Setegn FentahunDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Gidey RtbeyDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Girmaw Medfu TakelleDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntipsychotic medications, though essential for treating severe mental illnesses, are commonly associated with metabolic side effects that increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). These metabolic complications significantly undermine treatment adherence and contribute to adverse clinical outcomes. Despite the increasing utilization of antipsychotics in Africa, there remains a critical lack of region-specific data on the prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in this population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize existing data on the prevalence and predictors of MetS among psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in Africa.

methodWe looked for primary papers on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, African Journal Online, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Psychiatry Online, CINAHL, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. We included original research articles that evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotic medication. Two independent reviewers examined the articles and extracted data. The I² statistic was employed to assess statistical heterogeneity, and a random-effects meta-analysis was applied due to the observed heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's weighted regression test. This review has been registered with PROSPERO (ID = CRD42024558310).

resultsThis systematic review analyzed 25 primary studies encompassing a total of 4,064 participants. The pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome among psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in Africa was estimated at 22% (95% CI: 16.33-27.66). Female gender (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.73-6.23), advanced age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.12), and elevated body mass index (OR = 5.33, 95% CI: 2.35-12.12) were identified as significant risk factors for metabolic syndrome in this population.

conclusionMetabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in Africa, with female sex, older age, and elevated body mass index identified as significant risk factors. These findings underscore the need for routine metabolic monitoring and timely interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk, enhance treatment adherence, and prevent recurrence of psychiatric symptoms.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsMental DisordersMetabolic SyndromeAfricaFemaleHumansPrevalenceRisk FactorsAntipsychotic AgentsAfricaAntipsychotics medicationMeta-analysisMetabolic syndromePsychiatric patients

Identifiers

PMID40301830
PMCPMC12038947

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.