ArticlePloS one2025
Association between varicose veins and occurrence of dementia: A nationwide population-based cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The arterial-venous continuum: bridging atherosclerosis and chronic venous disease through endothelial dysfunction.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While varicose vein (VV) and dementia are frequent health problems, research investigating association between these conditions has been limited. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of VV and the development of dementia, as well as to evaluate whether treatment for VV correlates with the occurrence of dementia in a longitudinal study involving the general population. Our study included 430,875 participants based on health screening results conducted from 2005 to 2010 in the South Korean health screening cohort database. Presence of VV was defined with at least two or more claims based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) of I830-832, I839, or I868. Propensity score matching at a ratio of 1:5 was employed to categorize the participants into two groups based on the presence and treatment of VV, respectively. Primary outcome was the incidence of all-cause dementia with two or more claims based on ICD-10 code (F00-03, G30, and G31), and secondary outcomes considered occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD; F00 or G30) and vascular dementia (VD; F01). Among included participants, presence of VV were noted in 5,096 (1.3%) participants. During a median follow-up of 13.33 (interquartile range 10.4-16.26) years, 55,329 (13.9%) cases of all-cause dementia have occurred. In multivariable analysis, VV group showed increased risk of all-cause dementia compared to non-VV group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.235, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.147-1.329). Contrary to AD, treatment of VV group was significantly associated with decreased risk of VD (HR: 0.566, 95% CI: 0.382-0.841). Our study showed that presence of VV may be associated with an increased risk of future all-cause dementia, and treatment of VV was likely to reduce the incidence risk of VD.
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