ArticleBMC medicine2025
Placental and cord serum inflammatory cytokines and children's domain-specific neurodevelopment at 18 months: effect modification by maternal vitamin D status.
Article in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Maternal and neonatal cytokine profiles in a twin cohort: evidence from an exploratory pilot study of perinatal immune dysregulation in autism.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Prenatal Stress Models: Placental and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mice.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Cord serum metabolic signatures associated with neonatal anthropometry and neurodevelopment through age two in twins.iScience · 2026Article
- Analysis of risk factors for tic disorders in children in Hubei region based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Small for Gestational Age and Motor Development in Children: A Narrative Review of Risk Factors, Brain Mechanisms, and Early Interventions.Developmental neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological studies that have simultaneously explored the effects of placental and cord blood inflammatory cytokine levels on neurodevelopment in offspring, as well as the role of maternal vitamin D in these associations, are lacking. To investigate the associations of placental and cord blood inflammatory cytokine levels with neurodevelopment in 18-month-old children, and the potential modification effect by maternal vitamin D.
methodsBased on the Ma'anshan birth cohort, the current study involved 1241 mother-child pairs. The placental inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression levels, cord serum inflammatory cytokine concentrations, and maternal serum vitamin D concentrations were determined. Children's neurodevelopmental outcomes were defined as the Chinese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (Third Edition) subdomain scores below the established cutoff scores. Generalized linear models were utilized to assess the effects of placental and cord serum inflammatory cytokines on neurodevelopmental outcomes and to examine the modification effects of maternal vitamin D.
resultsAfter adjusting for confounders, each one-unit increase in placental IL-6 (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.55, P-
conclusionsElevated levels of specific inflammatory cytokines in the placenta and umbilical cord blood were associated with developmental delays on a parental-reported screening tool. Maternal vitamin D status can modify the adverse effects of the intrauterine pro-inflammatory milieu on the neurodevelopment of children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.