Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40310209›Full record

Trial reportRehabilitation psychology2026

Long COVID brain fog treatment: An early-phase randomized controlled trial of constraint-induced cognitive therapy signals go.

Gitendra Uswatte, Edward Taub, Karlene Ball, Brandon S Mitchell, Jason A Blake, Staci McKay, Fedora Biney, Olesya Iosipchuk, Piper Hempfling, Elise Harris and 6 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Rehabilitation psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Gitendra UswatteDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.ORCID 0000-0003-4507-7098
Edward TaubDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Karlene BallDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Brandon S MitchellDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Jason A BlakeDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Staci McKayDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Fedora BineyDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Olesya IosipchukDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.ORCID 0000-0002-4544-6298
Piper HempflingDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Elise HarrisDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Anne DickersonDepartment of Occupational Therapy, East Carolina University.
Kristine LokkenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Amy J KnightDepartment of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Victor W MarkDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Shruti AgnihotriDepartment of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Gary CutterDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Funding

Transferring Speed of Processing Gains to Everyday Cognitive Tasks after StrokeR01AG070049 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI BALL, KARLENE K, USWATTE, GITENDRA · 2021 to 2024
$2.6M
National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR)National Institutes of Health; National Institute on AgingNIA NIH HHS R01 AG070049
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeLong COVID brain fog is often disabling. Yet, no empirically supported treatments exist. This study's objectives were to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy, provisionally, of a new rehabilitation approach, Constraint-Induced Cognitive Therapy (CICT), for post-COVID-19 cognitive sequelae.

designSixteen community residents ≥3 months post-COVID-19 infection with mild cognitive impairment and dysfunction in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were enrolled. Participants were randomized to Immediate-CICT or treatment as usual (TAU) with crossover to CICT. CICT combined behavior change techniques modified from Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy with Speed of Processing Training, a computerized cognitive training program. CICT was deemed feasible if (a) ≥ 80% of participants were adherent, (b) the same found treatment highly satisfying and at most moderately difficult, and (c) < 2 study-related, serious adverse events occurred. The primary outcome was IADL performance in daily life (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure). Employment status and brain fog (Mental Clutter Scale) were also assessed.

resultsFourteen completed Immediate-CICT (

conclusionThose who received CICT adhered to the protocol and were highly satisfied with their outcomes. The findings warrant a large-scale randomized controlled trial with an active-comparison group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Cognitive Behavioral TherapyCognitive DysfunctionCOVID-19Activities of Daily LivingAgedCross-Over StudiesFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2Treatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID40310209
PMCPMC12323405

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.