ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2025
Advance Warning and Response Systems in Kenya: A Scoping Review.
Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Infectious diseases (IDs) cause approximately 13.7 million deaths globally. The Kenyan Advance Warning and Response Systems (AW&RS) against ID outbreaks is a core capacity of the 2005 International Health Regulations and a key indicator of health security. We mapped evidence on Kenya's AW&RS and their enablers, and barriers for successfully detecting IDs, including climate-sensitive IDs. Methods: We searched Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Africa Index Medicus, and SCOPUS before August 26th, 2024. We also searched for grey literature on the Google Scholar search engine alongside the main repositories of Kenyan Universities. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, while one reviewer extracted data. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Results were synthesised narratively and thematically. Results: The search yielded 4,379 records from databases and 1,363 articles from websites, university repositories, and citations; we included 166 articles in the analysis. Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) and cohort surveillance systems were the most common (37.2%). Most studies were concentrated in Nairobi County (25.7%) and reported on malaria (23.6%). Most systems (82.4%) monitored the disease burden and outbreaks using hospital-based data (35.1%) and automated alert mechanisms (27.7%). National bulletins report a temporal association between environmental factors and disease prevalence. Malaria, Rift Valley Fever (RVF), and cholera cases increased with higher precipitation, lower temperatures and increased vegetative index. AW&RS used the accuracy and reliability of the model prediction to measure the system's performance. Effectiveness was evaluated based on system acceptability and timeliness. Health system factors were predominant, with 121 enablers and 127 barriers. Key enablers included skilled personnel (13 studies), whereas inadequate finances were a major barrier (21 studies). Conclusion: Most AW&RS were IDSR and cohort-based surveillance. Climate changes have resulted in observed trends in diseases such as malaria and RVF, but further studies are needed to determine causal links. Insufficient funding hinders the effective implementation of AW&RS. Future research should assess the cost drivers influencing system effectiveness.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.