Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40316695›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Assessment of aqueous graphene as a cancer therapeutics delivery system.

Amanpreet Kaur, Eleftheria Babaliari, Victor M Bolanos-Garcia, Mary Kefalogianni, Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos, Paraskevi Kavatzikidou, Anthi Ranella, Morteza Ghorbani, Emmanuel Stratakis, Dmitry G Eskin and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Amanpreet KaurFaculty of Health, Science and Technology, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK. akaur@brookes.ac.uk.
Eleftheria BabaliariFoundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vasilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Victor M Bolanos-GarciaDepartment of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
Mary KefalogianniFoundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vasilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Sotiris PsilodimitrakopoulosFoundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vasilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Paraskevi KavatzikidouFoundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vasilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Anthi RanellaFoundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vasilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Morteza GhorbaniFaculty of Health, Science and Technology, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
Emmanuel StratakisFoundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vasilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Dmitry G EskinBrunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, London, UB8 3PH, UK.
Iakovos TzanakisFaculty of Health, Science and Technology, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK. itzanakis@brookes.ac.uk.

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/R031665/1; EP/R031401/1; EP/R031819/1; EP/R031975/1European Project NFFA Europe Pilot 101007417European Union - Next Generation EU 014772European Union - Next Generation EU 0535850HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme 101079179NFFA 184Royal Society NIF\R1\221238
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Graphene is a nanomaterial used in health and oncology settings. However, several reports have raised the alarm about potential toxicity. This study addressed this concern and determined the in vitro cytotoxicity of few-layer graphene (FLG) flakes produced in bespoke ultrasonic reactors using benign methods. The use of graphene flakes as a potential sensitising agent and a carrier for drug delivery in cancer cells was evaluated. To this end, aqueous based FLG suspensions were systematically characterised using UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy and High-resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Cell toxicity characterisation (e.g., cell viability assays using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell membrane integrity) of FLG in water were performed together with charge coupled device (CCD) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of live cells in graphene solutions. Collectively, our findings show that NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast and human fibroblast cells survival was higher than 80% and 90%, respectively upon treatment with the FLG fraction (~ 16 µg/ml ) recovered after centrifugation at 2000 revolutions per minute (RPM). In contrast, the cervical cancer cell line HeLa exposed to similar concentrations of FLG flakes resulted in approximately 30% cell death arguing in favour of a sensitising effect in cervical cancer cells.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsGraphiteNeoplasmsAnimalsCell SurvivalFilaggrin ProteinsHeLa CellsHumansMiceNIH 3T3 CellsWaterAntineoplastic AgentsDrug CarriersFilaggrin ProteinsGraphiteWaterAqueous grapheneCancer treatmentCytotoxicityTargeted drug deliveryUltrasonic liquid phase exfoliation

Identifiers

PMID40316695
PMCPMC12048647

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.