Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40316730›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2025

Duration and type of statin use and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes among men and women with hypercholesterolaemia: findings from three prospective cohorts.

Yiwen Zhang, Yanping Li, Yuxi Liu, Walter C Willett, JoAnn E Manson, Meir J Stampfer, Frank B Hu, Edward L Giovannucci, Dong D Wang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yiwen ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Yanping LiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Yuxi LiuDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Walter C WillettDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
JoAnn E MansonDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Meir J StampferDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Frank B HuDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Edward L GiovannucciDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Dong D WangDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. dow471@mail.harvard.edu.

Funding

Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Male Health ProfessionalsU01CA167552 · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · 2025 to 2025
$1.5M
American Cancer Society CRP-23-1014041Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute NCI U01 CA176726Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute NCI UM1 CA186107Foundation for the National Institutes of Health R00DK119412Foundation for the National Institutes of Health R01AG077489Foundation for the National Institutes of Health R01NR01999NCI NIH HHS U01 CA167552NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG083764
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisFindings from RCTs and observational studies indicate a positive association between statin use and risk of type 2 diabetes. Mendelian randomisation studies provide evidence to support that the effect is causal. However, little is known about the long-term effects, and data on different types of statins remain limited.

methodsWe analysed participants with hypercholesterolaemia from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 30,510 participants), the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII; 21,547 participants) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 9934 participants) who were free of diabetes, CVD and cancer at baseline. Statin use was assessed every 2 years starting in 2000 in the NHS and the HPFS and in 1999 in the NHSII. Incident cases of type 2 diabetes were confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire until the end of follow-up (31 January 2023).

resultsWe documented 6762 incident type 2 diabetes cases during up to 23 years of follow-up. Compared with non-users, statin users had a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes after adjustment for BMI and other potential confounding variables (pooled HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.33, 1.48). Compared with non-use, durations of statin use of 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and >15 years were associated with HRs of 1.36 (95% CI 1.27, 1.44), 1.41 (95% CI 1.31, 1.52), 1.60 (95% CI 1.44, 1.78) and 1.76 (95% CI 1.50, 2.06), respectively; significant linear trends were observed when the comparison included non-users and within statin users only (both p CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationThe positive association between statin use and type 2 diabetes was more pronounced with a longer duration of use, and the association varied across different types of statins. Adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can serve as a viable approach to diabetes prevention during statin treatment.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypercholesterolemiaAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsCohort studyStatinType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40316730

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.