ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2025
Autoimmune encephalitis-associated epilepsy.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis and Cytotoxicity in Patients With LGI1 and CASPR2 Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation and epileptogenesis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatry: clinical recommendations and unresolved challenges from the GENERATE network.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Review
- Prevalence and clinical correlates of autoimmune and infection-related antibodies in unexplained seizures in western China.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Forkhead box versus NF-κB hippocampal snRNA-seq profiles distinguish anti-Drebrin- and anti-GAD65-positive encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Neuroimmunology of Epilepsy: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Clinical Insights.Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- Review
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Epilepsy: Molecular Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies.MedComm · 2026Review
- Autoimmune-associated epilepsy or acute symptomatic seizures? A case series of recurrent seizures in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).Epilepsy research · 2026Article
- Article
- WONOEP XVII appraisal: The immunopathogenesis of epilepsy.Epilepsia · 2026Review
- Heterozygous pathogenic variants inOpen life sciences · 2026Article
- Epileptic spasms in the acute phase of pediatric anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Prognostic factors and a preliminary prognostic model in anti-GAD antibody-associated epilepsy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- The spatial architecture of neuroimmune interactions in epilepsy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Stereo-EEG associated anti-GAD65 autoimmune encephalitis - A report of two cases.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Defining the role of systemic autoimmune markers in adult epilepsy: A focus on autoimmune-associated epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE), defined by clinical criteria and its frequent association with neural autoantibodies, often manifests with seizures, which usually stop with immunotherapy. However, a subset of encephalitic conditions present with recurrent seizures that are resistant to immunotherapy. Three primary neurological constellations that fall within this subset are discussed in this Perspective: temporal lobe epilepsy with antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, epilepsy in the context of high-risk paraneoplastic antibodies, and epilepsy following adequately treated surface antibody-mediated AE. These entities all share a common mechanism of structural injury and potentially epileptogenic focal neural loss, often induced by cytotoxic T cells. Recently, we have proposed conceptualizing these conditions under the term autoimmune encephalitis-associated epilepsy (AEAE). Here, we discuss the new concept of AEAE as an emerging field of study. We consider the clinical characteristics of patients who should be investigated for AEAE and highlight the need for judicious use of traditional epilepsy therapeutics alongside immunotherapeutic considerations that are of uncertain and incomplete efficacy for this group of disorders. Last, we discuss future efforts needed to diagnose individuals before structural epileptogenesis has superseded inflammation and to develop improved therapeutics that target the specific immunological or functional disturbances in this entity.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.