Evidence mapPaperPMID 40316906Full record

ArticleBMC immunology2025

A comparative analysis of drug-induced kidney injury adverse reactions between cyclosporine and tacrolimus based on the FAERS database.

Min Xu, Shanggang Xu, Xueliang Yi

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Min Xu *Department of Respiratory, Clinical Medical College & Affliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610036, China.
Shanggang Xu *Department of Emergency, Clinical Medical College & Affliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610036, China.
Xueliang YiDepartment of Emergency, Clinical Medical College & Affliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610036, China. yxl8882025@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study utilizes the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to compare the adverse reaction signals of cyclosporine and tacrolimus, two widely used immunosuppressants, in relation to drug-induced kidney injury. The findings aim to inform clinical decision-making.

methodsThe study retrospectively analyzed data from January 2004 to September 2024, employing both frequency analysis and Bayesian methods. We assessed and compared the mortality rates, hospitalization rates, and the association of cyclosporine and tacrolimus with kidney injury to elucidate the renal toxicity of these two drugs.

resultsAfter data processing, we identified a total of 3,449 cyclosporine-related kidney injury reports and 5,538 tacrolimus-related kidney injury reports. The results revealed a stronger association between tacrolimus and kidney injury. Additionally, kidney injuries associated with both cyclosporine and tacrolimus predominantly affected males. Furthermore, the hospitalization rate for cyclosporine-related kidney injury was 34.40%, compared to 44.50% for tacrolimus. The mortality rate associated with cyclosporine-induced kidney injury was higher than that of tacrolimus.

conclusionThis study utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from January 2004 to September 2024 to perform a comprehensive analysis of adverse drug-related kidney injury reactions to cyclosporine and tacrolimus. The results suggest that both cyclosporine and tacrolimus are associated with renal injury, but tacrolimus appears to reduce mortality while increasing hospitalization rates. This serves as a critical warning for planning future treatment regimens, drug monitoring, and reducing adverse effects.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryAdverse Drug Reaction Reporting SystemsCyclosporineDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsImmunosuppressive AgentsTacrolimusAdolescentAdultAgedDatabases, FactualFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesCyclosporineImmunosuppressive AgentsTacrolimusAdverse drug eventsCyclosporineFDA adverse event reporting systemKidney injuryReal-world analysisTacrolimus

Identifiers

PMID40316906
PMCPMC12049015

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.