ArticleCell reports. Medicine2025
Characterization and comparative analysis of multifunctional natural killer cell engagers during antitumor responses.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Immune Cell Therapy Promises More Effective Cure for Medulloblastoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for pediatric solid tumors: overcoming biological barriers through rational multimodal combinations.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- Review
- Natural Killer Cell Therapy in Ovarian Cancer: From Preclinical Potentials to Clinical Applications and Combination Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T cell engagers (TCEs) are transformational oncology therapies but are limited in use due to the induction of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). In comparison to T cells, natural killer (NK) cells produce fewer cytokines upon activation, leading to the exploration of NK cell engagers (NKCEs). However, why NK cells secrete fewer cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and how NKCEs perform directly against TCEs remains unclear. Here, we report that relative to T cells, NK cells have reduced trafficking and processing of TNF. Systematic development and benchmarking studies show that NKCEs can be optimized to engage multiple activating receptors and incorporate interleukin (IL)-2, thereby increasing their potency and durability. Furthermore, comparative studies of NKCE, IL-2, and TCE therapy in animal tumor models reveal both common and distinct therapeutic benefits. Our results provide a blueprint for the development of multifunctional NKCEs, which may serve as an alternative to current TCE therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.