ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2025
Dairy intake, plasma metabolome, and risk of type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Effect of Three Daily Servings of Full-Fat Dairy for 12 Weeks on Body Weight, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Blood Lipids, and Dietary Intake of Adults with Overweight and Obesity.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Dairy Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Older Adults: Insights From the Baseline Phase of the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Lifestyles, metabolome and diabetic kidney disease: a cohort study.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2026Article
- Taurine Intake, Plasma Taurine Concentration, and Dementia Risk: Findings From the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Cheese: mere indulgence or part of a healthy diet?Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundWhether dairy intake is related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear, as does potential metabolic mechanisms for this association.
objectivesWe aimed to examine the association between high dairy intake and risk of T2D and identify plasma metabolites reflecting dairy intake.
methodsThis prospective cohort study included 26,461 Swedish individuals recruited between 1991 and 1996 and followed up until 31 December, 2020, with available data on dairy intake at baseline and linked registers. Plasma metabolites were measured in a subsample (n = 893) using mass spectrometry. Associations of dairy intake with risk of T2D were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models, with results presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsA total of 4552 new-onset incident T2D cases were documented during a median follow-up of 24.3 y. Increased risk of T2D was observed among participants consuming high nonfermented milk (>1000 g/d compared with <200 g/d; HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.74) and cheese (>100 g/d compared with <20 g/d; HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.41), although decreased risk of T2D was observed among those with high fermented milk (>300 g/d compared with 0 g/d; HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.03), cream (>50 g/d compared with <10 g/d; HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.92), and butter (>50 g/d compared with 0 g/d; HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.94). Such associations were slightly attenuated after additional adjustment for BMI. In addition, we identified metabolite profiles for nonfermented milk (n = 45), fermented milk (n = 48), cheese (n = 12), cream (n = 27), and butter (n = 46); no overlap between metabolites was found.
conclusionsIn this cohort of Swedish adults, high intakes of nonfermented milk and cheese are positively associated with risk of T2D, although high intakes of fermented milk, cream, and butter are inversely associated. Metabolomics provides novel insights into understanding the metabolic pathways of these associations.
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