Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40320857›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of medical genetics. Part A2025

Trends in the Prevalence of Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) in Texas by Maternal Race/Ethnicity and Maternal Age Groups, 1999-2020.

Charles Shumate, Rachel Allred, Ashley Dixon, Dayana Betancourt, Caitlyn Yantz, Rebecca Howell, Henal Gandhi, Madeline Kilburn, Philip J Lupo, A J Agopian

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of medical genetics. Part A, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Charles ShumateTexas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas, USA.
Rachel AllredTexas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas, USA.
Ashley DixonTexas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas, USA.
Dayana BetancourtTexas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9277-6831
Caitlyn YantzTexas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas, USA.
Rebecca HowellTexas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9943-9133
Henal GandhiTexas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas, USA.
Madeline KilburnTexas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas, USA.
Philip J LupoDivision of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
A J AgopianDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5874-4155

Funding

Down Syndrome Early Childhood Omics, Deep Phenotyping, and Epidemiology in Texas: DECODE IT CohortU01HD116485 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI A.J. Agopian, Lisa M Jacola · 2024 to 2026
$4.7M
Integrating Epidemiologic and Genomic Data to Elucidate the Genetic Overlap Between Congenital Anomalies and Pediatric CancerR01CA284531 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Chad Daniel Huff, Philip Lupo · 2023 to 2026
$1.9M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA284531NICHD NIH HHS U01 HD116485NIH HHS 1000000002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Down syndrome (DS) is a common chromosomal aneuploidy characterized by intellectual disability. Older maternal age is the strongest known risk factor for DS. The purpose of this study was to describe DS prevalence among major racial/ethnic groups stratified by maternal age, and to assess trends in prevalence over time in Texas. Cases with DS diagnoses delivered between 1999 and 2020 were identified from the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR). Birth prevalence and crude prevalence ratios (PRs) by maternal race/ethnicity, maternal education, residence along the Texas-Mexico border, and Texas public health region (PHR) were calculated. Trends over time were assessed using Joinpoint. DS prevalence was significantly lower among mothers < 35 years compared to those 35+ years. Hispanic mothers, mothers with less than high school education, and mothers residing along the Texas-Mexico border had consistently higher PRs. Joinpoint analyses revealed significant increases in DS prevalence over time among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic mothers. These findings identified significant increases in DS prevalence among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic mothers compared to non-Hispanic White mothers, suggesting a potential widening of racial/ethnic differences in DS occurrence. Further research is needed to explore underlying drivers of these trends and to address differences in DS prevalence.

Indexed as

Down SyndromeEthnicityMaternal AgeRacial GroupsAdultFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMiddle AgedMothersPrevalenceRegistriesRisk FactorsTexasWhiteYoung Adultadvancing maternal agebirth prevalenceDown syndromeDSmaternal race/ethnicitytrendstrisomy 21

Identifiers

PMID40320857
PMCPMC12339200

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.