ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2025
Harmaline attenuates pain and inflammation: role of IL-1β, oxidative stress, nitric oxide and cyclo-oxygenase.
Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Harmaline and the gut-brain-immune axis: a novel therapeutic avenue in neuroinflammation and ulcerative colitis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- β-Carboline alkaloid harmaline alleviates hyperuricemia-mediated renal inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Harmaline, a naturally occurring β-carboline alkaloid found in plants such as Peganum harmala and Banisteriopsis caapi, exhibits various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Its free radical-scavenging ability contributes to cellular protection against oxidative stress. Based on these properties, the present study aimed to explore the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of harmaline using acetic acid-induced writhing and carrageenan-induced paw edema mice models. Mice were treated with acetic acid to induce writhing, and carrageenan was administered to induce paw edema. Following carrageenan administration, the animals were euthanized, and paw tissues were harvested for biochemical analysis. Harmaline significantly reduced the frequency of acetic acid-induced writhing and attenuated carrageenan-induced inflammation, as indicated by a decrease in paw thickness. Biochemical analysis revealed that harmaline (5 mg/kg) reduced lipid peroxidation and preserved GSH levels in paw tissues, highlighting its antioxidant effects. Furthermore, harmaline treatment lowered IL-1β levels and upregulated Nrf-2, indicating modulation of inflammatory and antioxidant signaling. Pre-treatment with substance P and L-arginine reversed harmaline's effects on writhing and paw edema, suggesting the involvement of cyclo-oxygenase and nitric oxide pathways. These pre-treatments also reversed the harmaline-induced reduction in TBARS and IL-1β levels, as well as elevation of GSH and Nrf-2 levels, further supporting the involvement of these pathways. Overall, this study demonstrates that harmaline effectively alleviates pain and inflammation through the inhibition of COX and nitric oxide pathways, alongside the activation of Nrf-2-antioxidant signaling. These findings support harmaline's potential as a therapeutic agent for pain and inflammation, warranting further research into its clinical applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40323508What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.