ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2025
Oxygen extraction fraction in small vessel disease: relationship to disease burden and progression.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Generalized Approach to Solving Deep Learning-Based Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Quantitative Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Magnitude (QSM + qBOLD or QQ) for Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF) Mapping Across Diverse Acquisition Schemes.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Systemic inflammatory factors combined with HR-VWI-based plaque vulnerability discriminate ischemic phenotypes and predict prognosis in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction as a physiological biomarker in vascular cognitive impairment: A study in older adults enriched for small vessel diseases.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- A synthetic 3D human cerebrovascular model informed by histology for simulating the cortical depth-dependent BOLD fMRI signal.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Multimodal voxel-wise of structural and functional brain alterations across the cerebral small vessel disease spectrum.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease as a Novel Risk Indicator for Periodontitis Progression.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Perivascular fluid clearance links choroid plexus changes to cognitive performance in cerebral small vessel disease.Brain informatics · 2026Article
- Oxygen extraction fraction is differentially associated with pathological biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer's dementias.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cerebral oxygen extraction and blood flow in community-based older adults: associations with white matter hyperintensity and neurocognitive function.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Oxygen extraction fraction mapping between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment in older adults using quantitative BOLD.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Sleep Quality, and Cognitive Impairment Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Exploring the Role of Glymphatic Function.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic hypoperfusion has been considered a major mechanism of cerebral small vessel disease. Nonetheless, brain tissue may increase oxygen extraction fraction to mitigate hypoxia and delay parenchymal damage. This study aims to investigate oxygen extraction fraction in cerebral small vessel disease and understand its relationship to disease burden and progression. We retrospectively included 195 patients with cerebral small vessel disease and 178 normal controls. Cerebral blood flow was measured by arterial spin labelling. Oxygen extraction fraction was estimated by quantitative susceptibility mapping plus quantitative blood oxygen-level dependence imaging. We compared baseline cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction in the whole white matter, normal-appearing white matter and white matter hyperintensities between the patient and control groups. Then, we studied whether cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction differed among patients with varying disease burdens. Longitudinally, we used linear mixed models to evaluate whether cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction could together predict the progression of white matter hyperintensities or free water (mean follow-up time = 2.6 years) in a subset of 47 patients. Compared to the control group, the patient group exhibited reduced cerebral blood flow in the whole white matter, normal-appearing white matter and white matter hyperintensities. Additionally, the oxygen extraction fraction increased in normal-appearing white matter but decreased in white matter hyperintensities. Notably, the white matter oxygen extraction fraction was elevated in patients with mild-to-moderate disease burden but decreased in those with the most severe disease burden. Longitudinal analyses revealed that adding oxygen extraction fraction measurements to cerebral blood flow measurements can improve the prediction of disease progression. Higher baseline values of cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction in the white matter were both linked to a slower increase in free water. In summary, oxygen extraction fraction exhibited an 'increase-then-decrease' pattern in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Together, oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral blood flow can predict disease progression. Non-invasive MRI assessment of oxygen extraction fraction may provide valuable tools for future research on cerebral small vessel disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.