ArticlePloS one2025
Emerging trends and disparities in cardiovascular, kidney, and diabetes-related mortality: A retrospective analysis of the wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research database.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It carries an expression of concern. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Decline and Resurgence of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome-Related Deaths Involving Malnutrition in the United States, 1999 to 2023.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Rising deaths due to sepsis and renal failure: a 22-year analysis of mortality trends in the US from 1999 to 2020.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Bronchus and lung cancer-related mortality trends in the United States from 1999 to 2023.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Glycemic control targets in older adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a trajectory-based survival analysis of glycated hemoglobin.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, driven by metabolic risk factors like obesity, type 2 diabetes (DM-2), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), leads to poorer health outcomes. Despite its rising prevalence and promising new therapies, trends and demographic disparities in CKM-related mortality among adults in the United States remain underexplored. METHODOLOGY: The study examined CDC WONDER death certificates for individuals aged 25+ who died from 1999 to 2022, with CVD as the main cause, while CKD and DM-2 as contributing factors. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated by year, sex, age, race/ethnicity, region, and urbanization status.
resultsFrom 1999 to 2022, 25,980 CKM-related deaths were recorded, with the AAMR decreasing from 5.3 to 0.4 per 1,000,000 population. AAMR rose significantly from 1999 to 2012 (APC: 7.03; p<0.001), sharply declined from 2012 to 2015 (APC: -65.55; p<0.001), and then increased from 2015 to 2022 (APC: 15.98; p = 0.101). Men had higher AAMRs than women (6.9 vs. 4.3), and older adults (65+) had the highest AAMR (23.3), followed by middle-aged adults (2.2). Among racial groups, non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian/Alaska Native had the highest AAMR (11.2), followed by NH Black (8.6), Hispanic (6.6), NH White (4.8), and NH Asian/Pacific Islander (4.7). Rural areas showed the highest AAMRs (6.8), compared to medium-small metro (6.1) and large metro areas (4.4).
conclusionsCKM-related mortality trends have varied widely over the past two decades, with men, older adults, American Indian/Alaska Native, and non-metropolitan populations experiencing the highest AAMRs, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.
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