Evidence mapPaperPMID 40326889Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2025

Effect Modification of Serum Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Associations between Urinary Phthalate Biomarkers Mixture and Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Seeking Fertility Care.

Xilin Shen, Maximilien Génard-Walton, Paige L Williams, Jennifer B Ford, Irene Souter, Yazeed Allan, Antonia M Calafat, Dan Zhang, Jorge E Chavarro, Russ Hauser and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xilin ShenInstitute of Medical Genetics and Development, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Maximilien Génard-WaltonDepartments of Epidemiology, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Site Santé, La Tronche, France.
Paige L WilliamsDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jennifer B FordHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Irene SouterDivision of Reproductive Medicine and IVF, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Yazeed AllanDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Antonia M CalafatNational Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Dan ZhangInstitute of Medical Genetics and Development, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Jorge E ChavarroDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Russ HauserDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Lidia Mínguez-AlarcónHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Earth Study Team

Funding

TOXICOLOGYP30ES000002 · NIEHS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI Douglas W Dockery · 1985 to 2023
$12.4M
ROLE OF DIETARY CONSTITUENTS ON GENE EXPRESSION IN INTESTINAL EPITHELIUMP30DK040561 · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · 1994 to 2025
$6.0M
PCBs, Phthalates and Male Reproductive HealthR01ES009718 · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · 1999 to 2005
$2.9M
Exposure to phthalates and OP flame retardants and long-term maternal cardiovascular and metabolic healthR01ES033651 · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · 2025 to 2025
$758k
Male pesticide exposure, reproductive health and epigeneticsR01ES034700 · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · 2025 to 2025
$667k
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK040561NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES000002NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES009718NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES022955NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES033651NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES034700
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPhthalate exposures are ubiquitous and have been associated with pregnancy complications. Interaction between serum long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3PUFA) and phthalate biomarkers is biologically plausible because both can bind to human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are involved in placenta development. However, evidence of this interaction in humans is lacking.

objectiveThis study evaluated whether serum n3PUFA modifies the associations of biomarkers of phthalate exposure on pregnancy outcomes.

methodsAmong 351 women undergoing

resultsConcentrations of the phthalate biomarkers mixture were associated with higher adjusted probabilities of pregnancy loss and lower estimated probabilities of live birth among women with serum

conclusionsThis study suggests adverse effects of phthalate exposure on pregnancy loss and live birth may be attenuated by intakes of n3PUFA. These results, if replicated, could inform clinical practice reducing the burden of infertility by phthalate exposure among the general population and improving pregnancy outcomes among subfertile couples. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15942.

Indexed as

Environmental ExposureEnvironmental PollutantsFatty Acids, Omega-3Maternal ExposurePhthalic AcidsPregnancy OutcomeAdultBiomarkersEicosapentaenoic AcidFemaleHumansPregnancyBiomarkersEicosapentaenoic AcidEnvironmental PollutantsFatty Acids, Omega-3phthalic acidPhthalic Acids

Identifiers

PMID40326889
PMCPMC12143488

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.