ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2025
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: structure, viral entry and variants.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Severity of COVID-19 Omicron Variants: A Global Systematic Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Pooled it
- A Spike-Linked HPV16 E7 DNA Vaccine Induces Potent Antitumor and Anti-Spike Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Infection Versus Vaccination on Mucosal Immunity in Breastmilk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Broad Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2: Current Progress and Engineering Strategies.Viruses · 2026Review
- Article
- Structural basis for sarbecovirus Rc-o319 spike adaptation to Rhinolophus cornutus Bat ACE2 and constraints on switching to human ACE2.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike reshapes antigenic hierarchy and antibody targeting against conserved and occluded epitopes.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- The Effects of Past COVID-19 and Vaccination on Antibody Levels, Cellular Immunity, and Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- In silico design of a novel multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate for BtHKU5-CoV-2 using immunoinformatics.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Effects of Respiratory Vaccines in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- A pH-driven receptor switch from ACE2 to NPC1 enables endosomal entry of SARS-CoV-2.Research square · 2026Article
- Coronavirus genome packaging and nucleocapsid assembly.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- A novel fusion protein of COVID-19 virus enhancing protection of Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Dissecting the Interaction Domains of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Human RNA Helicase DDX3X and Search for Potential Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Selective DHCR24 Blocker SH42 Inhibits ACE2 Binding and Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins More Efficiently Than Atorvastatin.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Structural and Computational Insights into the Attenuated Innate Immune Recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 N15 Lineage, an Early-Pandemic Variant.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Modulation of specific interactions within a viral fusion protein predicted from machine learning blocks membrane fusion.Nanoscale · 2025Article
- A SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor trimerizes to lock the spike protein in a closed conformation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Special Issue: Molecular Research and Insights into COVID-19: 2nd Edition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a devastating global pandemic for 4 years and is now an endemic disease. With the emergence of new viral variants, COVID-19 is a continuing threat to public health despite the wide availability of vaccines. The virus-encoded trimeric spike protein (S protein) mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and also induces strong immune responses, making it an important target for development of therapeutics and vaccines. In this Review, we summarize our latest understanding of the structure and function of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, the molecular mechanism of viral entry and the emergence of new variants, and we discuss their implications for development of S protein-related intervention strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.