Evidence mapPaperPMID 40330535Full record

ArticlePatient preference and adherence2025

Higher Compliance with Treatment Administration Instructions for Injectable Dulaglutide versus Oral Semaglutide Reported by People with Type 2 Diabetes in Clinical Practice Settings in Spain: The TRU-Experience Study.

Silvia Díaz-Cerezo, Esther Artime, Jennifer Redondo-Antón, Natalia Duque, Erik Spaepen, Miguel Ángel Mangas Cruz, Claudia Arnas-Leon, Gabriel Olveira, Irene Rodríguez Rodríguez, María Teresa Julián Alagarda and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Silvia Díaz-CerezoMedical Department. Eli Lilly and Company, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain.
Esther ArtimeMedical Department. Eli Lilly and Company, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4294-6462
Jennifer Redondo-AntónMedical Department. Eli Lilly and Company, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2661-5866
Natalia DuqueMedical Department. Eli Lilly and Company, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9587-0679
Erik SpaepenHaaPACS GmbH, Schriesheim, Germany.
Miguel Ángel Mangas CruzDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.
Claudia Arnas-LeonDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain.
Gabriel OlveiraDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7646-2899
Irene Rodríguez RodríguezDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma, Spain.
María Teresa Julián AlagardaDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
Nuria ValdésDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Cruces Biobizkaia, Barakaldo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5859-257X
Agustín Ángel MerchanteDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital General de Castellón, Castellón, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1064-5331
Lluís MasmiquelDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma, Spain.
Miriam Rubio-de SantosMedical Department. Eli Lilly and Company, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: This study compared patient-reported compliance with package leaflet administration instructions of two glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D): weekly injectable dulaglutide and daily oral semaglutide. Patients and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in Endocrinology Units in Spain. Patients with T2D receiving weekly injectable dulaglutide or daily oral semaglutide at study enrolment who had initiated treatment 3-12 months before were consecutively recruited during routine visits. Clinical data were extracted from the participants´ medical records. An ad-hoc questionnaire asked how often all and each of the administration instructions specific to each treatment were being followed (eg, timing, steps of intake). Compliance in both groups was calculated using relative and absolute frequencies and matching using the FMA model. The relationship between compliance and sociodemographic/clinical variables was assessed using bivariate analyses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of compliance. Results: A total of 95 participants treated with weekly injectable dulaglutide and 135 participants treated with daily oral semaglutide were evaluated. More participants treated with weekly injectable dulaglutide (96.8%) than participants treated with daily oral semaglutide (90.4%) were compliant with all package leaflet administration instructions. After adjusting for potential between-group imbalances, higher compliance in the weekly injectable dulaglutide group compared with the daily oral semaglutide group was observed (odds ratio=3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.4-21.3). Conclusion: Compliance with package leaflet administration instructions was significantly higher in patients with T2D receiving weekly injectable dulaglutide compared to those receiving daily oral semaglutide. This type of real-world compliance data can inform strategies to improve patient education and adherence, and physician prescribing practices, with the goal of ultimately leading to better clinical outcomes and quality of life.

Indexed as

endocrinologyglucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistsinjectable administrationoral administrationreal world evidencetreatment adherence

Identifiers

PMID40330535
PMCPMC12053930

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.