ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2025
Oncological outcomes after non-surgical management versus radical cystectomy in non-organ-confined non-urothelial bladder cancer.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extent of Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection at Partial Cystectomy: Effect on Cancer-Specific Mortality.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Article
- Development and external validation of a nomogram predicting cancer-specific mortality-free survival after trimodal therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.World journal of urology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence for rare bladder cancer variants: a new hope for detection?International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWe hypothesized that among non-organ-confined (NOC, T3-4 and/or N1-3) non-urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder (non-UCUB) patients, bladder-sparing non-surgical management (NSM) provides cancer-specific mortality (CSM) rates comparable to those of radical cystectomy (RC).
methodsWithin the SEER database (2004-2021) rates of NSM vs. RC use in NOC non-UCUB patients were tabulated. Nearest-neighbor 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) for age, sex, stage, race/ethnicity, and histological subtype was applied. Cumulative incidence plots depicted five-year CSM. Univariable and multivariable competing risks regression (CRR) models were fitted. Sensitivity analyses were performed within squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), small cell carcinoma (small-CC) and adenocarcinoma (ADK).
resultsOf 775 NOC non-UCUB patients, 290 (37.4%) received NSM vs. 485 (62.6%) RC. After PSM, five-year CSM rate was 70.4% after NSM vs. 60.6% after RC and NSM was associated with 1.6-fold higher CSM relative to RC (multivariable HR [mHR]: 1.61, p < 0.001). In sensitivity analyses within 253 (32.6%) SCC, after re-applying PSM, five-year CSM rate was 85.0% after NSM vs. 53.3% after RC and NSM was associated with 2.8-fold higher CSM relative to RC (mHR: 2.80, p < 0.001). Conversely, within 216 (27.9%) small-CC and 135 (17.4%) ADK patients, CSM after NSM did not differ from CSM after RC (54.3 vs. 62.5%, mHR: 0.85; 69.8 vs. 71.7%, mHR: 1.0; all p > 0.05).
conclusionIn NOC non-UCUB patients, NSM is associated with higher CSM than RC. Subgroup analyses according to histological subtypes suggest that these differences virtually exclusively originated from SCC patients but not from their small-CC and ADK counterparts.
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