Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40333346›Full record

SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

Endogenous Sex Steroid Hormones, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi, Mojgan Amiri, Sara Beigrezaei, Hugo G Quezada-Pinedo, Farnaz Khatami, Fadi Alijla, Marinka Steur, Beatrice Minder, Angeline Chatelan, Trudy Voortman and 3 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Hamidreza Raeisi-DehkordiDepartment of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5538-6073
Mojgan AmiriDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4936-4609
Sara BeigrezaeiDepartment of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3903-9941
Hugo G Quezada-PinedoThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Farnaz KhatamiInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3589-1168
Fadi AlijlaInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Marinka SteurDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Beatrice MinderPublic Health & Primary Care Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Angeline ChatelanGeneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland.
Trudy VoortmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2830-6813
Yvonne T van der SchouwDepartment of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Oscar H FrancoDepartment of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Taulant MukaEpistudia, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3235-3073

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhile abundant research suggests a sex-specific role of endogenous sex steroid hormones in chronic diseases, research on mortality remains inconclusive. We quantified the sex-specific associations of endogenous sex steroid hormones, including total testosterone (TT), free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population.

methodsEmbase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central were searched and population-based cohort studies investigating the association of interest were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI were calculated using a random effects model for the top vs bottom tertile of sex hormones and risk of mortality.

resultsThe systematic review included 53 publications with 359 047 participants. A significant association was observed between higher level of TT and risk of all-cause mortality (HR [95% CI]: 0.89 [0.83-0.97], n = 19 studies) in men, while no association was found in women. Dose-response analysis suggested a significant U-shaped association between TT and all-cause mortality in men and a J-shaped association in women. Higher SHBG level was significantly associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality in women (1.25 [1.13-1.39], n = 3) and no association was observed in men. Additionally, higher DHEAS levels were associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in men (0.72 [0.57-0.91], n = 6) and no association was observed in women.

conclusionThis meta-analysis reveals a dose-response link between endogenous sex steroid hormones and mortality, highlighting the need for sex-specific studies on hormone modulation's impact on mortality and longevity.

Indexed as

Gonadal Steroid HormonesMortalitySex Hormone-Binding GlobulinCause of DeathFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesRisk FactorsTestosteroneGonadal Steroid HormonesSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinSHBG protein, humanTestosteroneandrogensdeathestradiolsex differencesSHBGtestosterone

Identifiers

PMID40333346
PMCPMC12342379

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.