ArticleNeurology2025
Long-Term Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods and Prodromal Features of Parkinson Disease.
Article in Neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations between olfactory dysfunction and structural MRI findings in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Preventing Parkinson's disease in the context of movement disorders: a narrative review of current evidence and future directions.Neurological research and practice · 2026Review
- Lifestyle medicine in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Dietary habits and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a cohort of Parkinson's disease patients in Lithuania.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between different dietary patterns and the risk of major brain disorders: a prospective multi-cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Dietary Factors Affect Brain Iron Accumulation and Parkinson's Disease Risk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesConsumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) has been associated with a higher risk of various chronic diseases, but its relation to prodromal Parkinson disease (PD) remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association between long-term UPF consumption and nonmotor features suggestive of prodromal PD.
methodsThis longitudinal analysis included participants without a history of PD from the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. UPF consumption was assessed using repeated food frequency questionnaires (1984-2006) and grouped based on Nova classification. Participants provided data on probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) and constipation in 2012. Between 2014 and 2015, a subset of participants provided data on 5 additional nonmotor features, including hyposmia, impaired color vision, excessive daytime sleepiness, body pain, and depressive symptoms. The primary outcome was the combination of all 7 prodromal features and further categorized as 0 (reference), 1, 2, and ≥3 features. The secondary outcomes were all features except constipation, a combination of 3 commonly recognized features (constipation, pRBD, and hyposmia), and individual features. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association of UPF consumption with the combination of prodromal features. The association between UPF consumption and each individual feature was further examined using logistic regression.
resultsThe study analyzed 42,853 participants (25,095 women [58.6%]; mean [SD] age, 47.8 [5.2] years). Comparing extreme quintiles of UPF consumption, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having ≥3 vs 0 prodromal features was 2.47 (95% CI 1.89-3.23, DISCUSSION: Long-term UPF consumption was positively associated with nonmotor prodromal PD features. More studies are warranted to confirm whether lowering UPF consumption may prevent the occurrence of nonmotor symptoms that often precede PD diagnosis.
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