ReviewNature2025
Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections.
Review in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative efficacy of nutritional supplements for the prevention of respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Intranasal Adenoviral Vector Vaccination Induces Durable Antibody and T Cell Responses in the Respiratory Tract.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Intranasal DNA nanocarrier vaccines with surface-patterned antigens enhance efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Respiratory mucosal vaccines for emerging viruses: promise and challenges.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Review
- Broad and durable protection against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by an intranasal chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine expressing tandem RBDs and nucleocapsid.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Inhalable engineered probiotic outer membrane vesicles co-expressing multiple mpox antigens induce potent specific systemic and mucosal immune responses.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit distinct pharyngeal mucosal B cell responses in children.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Local B cell immunity and durable memory after live-attenuated influenza intranasal vaccination of humans.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Platforms: From Barrier Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Hitting the hidden: arming the immune system for the next zoonotic coronavirus spillover.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Ex vivo HNSCC clinical studies using saliva and antiviral or antibacterial chewing gums reveal reduction in carcinogenic microbes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bioactive Compounds ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-Enhanced Vaccines for Respiratory Infections: Opportunities and Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Trained immunity-based mucosal immunotherapies for preventing respiratory infections: a translational, evidence-graded appraisal of platforms, populations, and the protection-immunopathology balance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: a prospective outlook from technological innovation to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Immunomodulatory Strategies for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Beginning with Edward Jenner's discovery of the smallpox vaccine, the ever-expanding repertoire of vaccines against pathogens has saved many lives. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a revolutionary mRNA injectable vaccine emerged that effectively controlled the severity of disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This vaccine induced potent antigen-specific neutralizing serum IgG antibodies, but was limited in its ability to prevent viral invasion at the respiratory surfaces. Nasal vaccines have attracted attention as a potential strategy to combat respiratory infections and prepare for future pandemics. Input from disciplines such as microbiology, biomaterials, bioengineering and chemistry have complemented the immunology to create innovative delivery systems. This approach to vaccine delivery has yielded nasal vaccines that induce secretory IgA as well as serum IgG antibodies, which are expected to prevent pathogen invasion, thereby diminishing transmission and disease severity. For a nasal vaccine to be successful, the complexity of the relevant anatomical, physiological and immunological properties, including the proximity of the central nervous system to the nasal cavity, must be considered. In this Review, we discuss past and current efforts as well as future directions for developing safe and effective nasal vaccines for the prevention of respiratory infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40335714What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.