Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40336178›Full record

ArticleActa oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)2025

The risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia by metformin use and type 2 diabetes status - a Danish nation-wide cohort study.

Emelie C Rotbain, Klaus Rostgaard, Katja Kaastrup, Stine Ulrik Mikkelsen, Henrik Hjalgrim, Kirsten Grønbæk

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Emelie C RotbainDepartment of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Hematology, Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark. erot0006@regionh.dk.
Klaus RostgaardHematology, Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Katja KaastrupDepartment of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Stine Ulrik MikkelsenDepartment of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Henrik HjalgrimDepartment of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Hematology, Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Kirsten GrønbækDepartment of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeThe treatment options for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have increased recently. However, drug resistance persists and patients who are ineligible for curative treatments still have a very poor prognosis. Previous studies support a general anti-neoplastic effect of metformin, and a recent preclinical investigation has shown that metformin may control the expansion of Dnmt3a clonal hematopoiesis, which is known to precede MDS and AML. PATIENTS/MATERIAL AND

methodsIn this study we investigated the effect of metformin and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the risk of developing MDS or AML. T2D was defined based on hospital diagnosis codes and glucose-lowering drug prescriptions. The study was performed as a cohort study with follow-up from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017 using Danish national, population-based register data. RESULTS AND

interpretationIn all, 6,031,132 persons contributed to the study of whom 302,403 had T2D, and 295,365 received metformin. Median follow-up time among individuals with T2D was more than 5 years, and among individuals without T2D more than 15 years. Our analyses revealed no association between T2D (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.92-1.13]) or metformin use (HR 1.21 [95% CI 0.91-1.60]) and the risk of MDS or AML. However, when outcomes were studied separately, T2D was associated with an increased risk of MDS (HR 1.24 [95% CI 1.08-1.32]) but not with AML. Metformin use was not associated with MDS nor AML. Future studies should determine which patient groups may benefit from metformin to prevent MDS or AML development.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteMetforminMyelodysplastic SyndromesAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesDenmarkFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRegistriesHypoglycemic AgentsMetformin

Identifiers

PMID40336178
PMCPMC12067982

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.