Evidence mapPaperPMID 40338485Full record

ReviewAdvances in therapy2025

Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19: A Review of Antiviral Treatments, Immunotherapies, and Emerging Interventions.

Maria C S Alves, Ruana C C da Silva, Sérgio S P de Leitão-Júnior, Valdir Q de Balbino

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Antiviral Activity of Essential Oil fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Special Issue: Molecular Research and Insights into COVID-19: 2nd Edition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Maria C S AlvesLaboratory of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Biosciences, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-423, Brazil. cidinaria.alves@ufpe.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0625-416X
Ruana C C da SilvaLaboratory of Health Sciences Research, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79825-070, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-1871
Sérgio S P de Leitão-JúniorLaboratory of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Biosciences, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-423, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-6673
Valdir Q de BalbinoLaboratory of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Biosciences, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-423, Brazil. valdir.balbino@ufpe.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-3952

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global health crisis, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented unprecedented challenges to global healthcare systems, leading to rapid advances in treatment development. This review comprehensively examines the current therapeutic approaches for managing COVID-19, including direct-acting antivirals, immunomodulators, anticoagulants, and adjuvant therapies, as well as emerging and experimental approaches. Direct-acting antivirals target various stages of the viral life cycle, offering specific intervention points, while immunomodulators aim to modulate the host's immune response, reducing disease severity. Anticoagulant therapies address the coagulopathy frequently observed in severe cases, and adjuvant treatments provide supportive care to improve overall outcomes. We also explore the challenges and limitations of implementing these treatments, such as drug resistance, variable patient responses, and access to therapies, especially in resource-limited settings. The review also discusses future perspectives, including the potential of next-generation vaccines, personalized medicine, and global collaboration in shaping future COVID-19 treatment paradigms. Continuous innovation, combined with an integrated and adaptable approach, will be crucial to effectively managing COVID-19 and mitigating the impact of future pandemics.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsCOVID-19 Drug TreatmentImmunotherapyAnticoagulantsCOVID-19HumansImmunomodulating AgentsSARS-CoV-2AnticoagulantsAntiviral AgentsImmunomodulating AgentsDrugs antiviralsEmerging new treatmentsSARS-CoV-2Viral resistance

Identifiers

PMID40338485
PMCPMC12182464

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.