ReviewPain management2025
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to temporomandibular disorder chronic pain: a narrative review.
Review in Pain management, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immediate Effects of Dry Needling in Patients with Myofascial Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hypnosis and relaxation techniques in the management of temporomandibular disorders: a scoping review.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Psychological and somatosensory correlates of temporomandibular disorder: anxiety, somatosensory amplification, and coping strategies-a biopsychosocial perspective.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Behavioral Dentistry in the Digital Age: A Review of Biofeedback Occlusal Splint Therapy.Cureus · 2026Review
- Management strategies for burning mouth syndrome: a comprehensive review.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Review
- Pharmacological management in orofacial pain: a retrospective, observational study of treatment decisions and contributing factors.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) involve the temporomandibular joint and related structures, causing chronic pain, impaired jaw function, and reduced quality of life. TMD has multifactorial origins, including mechanical, neuromuscular, and inflammatory factors. Chronic TMD pain is difficult to manage due to its complex pathophysiology and the limited long-term effectiveness of existing treatments. A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies is essential for optimal pain management. This narrative review provides an integrative overview of current treatments for TMD-associated chronic pain. Pharmacological options discussed include analgesics, muscle relaxants, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and botulinum toxin injections. Non-pharmacological strategies include physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, acupuncture, and lifestyle modifications. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase.com, Cochrane, and Evidence Alerts databases through October 2024. We focused on original research articles, randomized controlled trials, narrative and systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Effective management of chronic TMD pain requires a multidisciplinary approach tailored to individual needs. Evidence supports the integration of physical and psychological therapies into treatment plans. Future research should aim to develop targeted interventions that address underlying mechanisms of TMD pain and evaluate the long-term outcomes of noninvasive therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.