ArticlePloS one2025
Causal relationship between schizophrenia and five types of dementia: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic investigation of non-affective psychosis and depression as causal risk factors for dementia.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- Retinal biomarkers in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: evidence and implications for the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative models.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Schizophrenia and dementia across the lifespan: epidemiological links, cognitive trajectories, and the pathophysiological interplay.Frontiers in neurologyReview
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough observational research indicates an association between schizophrenia and dementia, it is unclear whether the two are causally related. In order to examine the causal relationship between schizophrenia and five types of dementia (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies), we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.
methodsIn this study, pooled statistics of schizophrenia and dementia were obtained from the Large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary statistical approach used in this Mendelian randomization, to further support our findings, we also used MR-Egger, weighted median, and cML-MA. We also used a number of sensitivity analyses to evaluate pleiotropy and heterogeneity.
resultsIn the study of the effect of schizophrenia on dementia, findings from the IVW analysis suggested that schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (OR = 1.065, 95%CI: 1.027 ～ 1.104, P = 0.001, FDR-corrected P = 0.003), Alzheimer's disease (OR = 1.029, 95%CI: 1.003 ～ 1.054, P = 0.027, FDR-corrected P = 0.045), and vascular dementia (OR = 1.106, 95%CI: 1.023 ～ 1.197, P = 0.012, FDR-corrected P = 0.029). In the study of the effect of dementia on schizophrenia, no form of dementia assessed in this study was found to be a risk factor for schizophrenia.
conclusionOur findings suggest that schizophrenia may be a risk factor for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia, but no dementia of any kind was found to be a risk factor for schizophrenia. Our study provides insights into the potential genetic relationship between schizophrenia and dementia.
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