Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40344599›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2025

Estimation of Dermal Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Feminine Hygiene Products: Integrating Measurement Data and Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic (PBTK) Model.

Nan Lin, Zengwei Li, Ning Ding, Sung Kyun Park, Stuart Batterman, Wei Du, Jiayin Dai, Ying Zhu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nan LinInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
Zengwei LiState Key Laboratory of Green Papermaking and Resource Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Ning DingDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Sung Kyun ParkDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Stuart BattermanDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Wei DuFaculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, China.
Jiayin DaiState Key Laboratory of Green Papermaking and Resource Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Ying ZhuState Key Laboratory of Green Papermaking and Resource Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

Strategic Vision & Impact on Environmental HealthP30ES017885 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Dana Dolinoy · 2011 to 2026
$21.3M
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES017885
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAn increasing number of studies have reported noteworthy health risks associated with dermal exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from feminine hygiene products (FHPs).

objectivesThis study sought to address the gap in understanding the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion dynamics of dermal exposure to VOCs from FHPs and to identify chemicals and products that could cause significant body burden.

methodsWe used measured contents of eight widely present VOCs across five categories of FHPs to estimate dermal exposure, and applied a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling approach to elucidate VOC toxicokinetics in human body tissues. Inhalation exposure estimates were derived from 20 air samples collected via passive sampling and analyzed using a thermal desorption system coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Predicted urinary VOC concentrations based on dermal and inhalation exposure were validated against 99 measurements from 25 females.

resultsVia skin absorption, the estimated levels of most target VOCs in nearly all tissues, except adipose and the rest of the body, rapidly peaked within an hour of product use. Specifically, DISCUSSION: These findings reveal potential significant body burden and health risks associated with dermal exposure to VOCs from FHPs, warranting further research and regulatory measures. Comprehensive assessment of internal exposure by integrating with toxicokinetic modeling to elucidate chemical distribution in various tissues is recommended, rather than by measuring only one type of biomarker, to illustrate exposure variances and ensure accurate risk assessment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15418.

Indexed as

Air PollutantsCosmeticsEnvironmental ExposureVolatile Organic CompoundsFemaleHumansSkinSkin AbsorptionToxicokineticsAir PollutantsCosmeticsVolatile Organic Compounds

Identifiers

PMID40344599
PMCPMC12180445

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.