Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40344634›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of nursing practice2025

Effectiveness of Treadmill Training Intervention for the Management of Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chenyi Shi, Yuxi Xiao, Dawei Zang, Hongjun Ren

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of nursing practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Interventions for Neural Plasticity in Stroke Recovery.Archives of internal medicine research · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Chenyi ShiDepartment of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yuxi XiaoDepartment of Trauma, Beijing Water Conservancy Hospital, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7930-3588
Dawei ZangDepartment of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hongjun RenDepartment of Trauma, Beijing Water Conservancy Hospital, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTreadmill training, including body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT), is widely used in stroke rehabilitation. However, its efficacy in improving walking outcomes may vary depending on patients' baseline functional status.

objectiveThis study aims to systematically evaluate effectiveness of treadmill training on walking speed and endurance in stroke survivors and to assess influence of baseline dependency and use of BWSTT.

methodsWe performed systematic review and meta-analysis as per PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive search was conducted using Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect for studies published from January 1964 to April 2024. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials assessing treadmill training in stroke patients with outcomes as walking speed and/or endurance. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were independently performed by two reviewers using Cochrane Risk of Bias-2 tool. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on baseline dependency and BWSTT use.

resultsFifty-nine studies were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements in walking speed (SMD = 0.255; 95%CI: 0.141-0.369) and walking endurance (SMD = 0.277; 95%CI: 0.134-0.421) among stroke survivors receiving treadmill training. Subgroup analysis revealed that independent participants experienced greater benefits in walking speed (SMD = 0.345) and endurance (SMD = 0.374) compared to dependent participants. Studies employing BWSTT reported enhanced outcomes relative to those without BWSTT. Moderate to high heterogeneity was observed, and publication bias was detected.

conclusionTreadmill training, particularly when combined with BWSTT, effectively enhances walking speed and endurance in stroke survivors.

Indexed as

Exercise TherapyStrokeStroke RehabilitationHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicWalkingWalking Speedcerebral infarctionmeta‐analysisstroketreadmill training

Identifiers

PMID40344634
PMCPMC12063472

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.