Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40344923›Full record

ArticlePoultry science2025

Naringenin as a phytogenic adjuvant systematically enhances the protective efficacy of H9N2 inactivated vaccine through coordinated innate-adaptive immune priming in chickens.

Lina Jiao, Zuchen Song, Yantong Zhou, Tianyu Zhu, Ruihong Yu, Zheng Wang, Yawei Qiu, Jinfeng Miao, Shun Zhang, Zhenguang Liu and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Poultry science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lina JiaoInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Zuchen SongInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Yantong ZhouInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Tianyu ZhuInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Ruihong YuInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Zheng WangInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Yawei QiuMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Jinfeng MiaoMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Shun ZhangGuoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, PR China.
Zhenguang LiuInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Deyun WangInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China. Electronic address: dywang@njau.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although inactivated vaccines remain the primary strategy for preventing and controlling avian influenza virus, they fail to induce durable and systemic immune protection. Adjuvants are crucial for enhancing antigen immunogenicity and improving immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the adjuvant activity of naringenin (Nar) for H9N2 inactivated vaccine by detecting humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and viral challenge. The results demonstrated that Nar/H9N2 co-administration significantly increased IgG levels and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. Nar/H9N2 promoted the formation of high-affinity antibodies by upregulating the expression of genes associated with B cell activation and germinal centers (GCs) formation, thus facilitating humoral immune responses. Concurrently, Nar/H9N2 vaccine enhanced T cell proliferation, CD4

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityAdjuvants, ImmunologicChickensFlavanonesImmunity, InnateInfluenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsInfluenza VaccinesPoultry DiseasesAnimalsImmunity, CellularImmunity, HumoralVaccines, InactivatedAdjuvants, ImmunologicFlavanonesInfluenza VaccinesnaringeninVaccines, InactivatedH9N2NaringeninVaccine adjuvantViral challenge

Identifiers

PMID40344923
PMCPMC12308363

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.