ArticleThe journal of behavioral health services & research2026
Age and Race Disparities in Viral Suppression and the Moderating Effect of Substance Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV.
Article in The journal of behavioral health services & research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Integrating substance use services into HIV care: an underused implementation science opportunity.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Viral suppression is essential for individuals living with HIV, as it is linked to improved clinical outcomes and long-term health. Research has documented age and racial disparities in HIV viral suppression. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are particularly affected by HIV infections, especially in the Southern United States. Studies indicate that substance use among people with HIV in the U.S. presents significant barriers to engaging in HIV care. This study investigated the relationships between age, race, MSM status, and viral suppression among men living with HIV (MLWH), who participated in the Helping HAND program at an academic medical center in a Southern state. The analysis included 746 male participants, primarily Black/African American. The results showed that increases in age were positively associated with a greater likelihood of viral suppression, even after adjusting for harmful or hazardous drinking, problematic substance use, race, and MSM status. Younger MSM participants were less likely to achieve viral suppression than older MSM participants. In this male only sample, neither race nor MSM status was found to be related to viral suppression. Additionally, harmful or hazardous drinking and problematic substance use did not moderate the associations between age, race, or MSM and viral suppression. These findings highlight disparities in viral suppression across different age groups among men living with HIV. The results emphasize the need for targeted outreach initiatives specifically designed for younger age cohorts living with HIV, including MSM.
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Registered trials
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