Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40347308›Full record

ReviewCurrent reviews in musculoskeletal medicine2025

Sports Injuries in Female and Non-Binary Athletes: A Systematic Review.

Leah N Nairn, Amar Aziz, Lana Moayad, Lauren A Gyemi, Nicole Simunovic, Kim Madden, Marko Simunovic, Olufemi R Ayeni

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Leah N NairnDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Amar AzizMichael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Lana MoayadMichael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Lauren A GyemiDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Nicole SimunovicDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Kim MaddenDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Marko SimunovicDivision of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Olufemi R AyeniDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. ayenif@mcmaster.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThe main purpose of this review was to summarize the current evidence on treatment and outcomes of sports injuries requiring surgical intervention in female and non-binary athletes and identify key gaps in the related literature concerning sports injuries requiring surgical intervention to guide future research. RECENT

findingsOf the 59 included studies, all focused on biological sex or sex-based differences, while none of the studies discussed gender or the inclusion of non-binary and transgender individuals. Most of the studies (47/59, 80%) focused on ACL reconstruction (37%), hip arthroscopy (27%) or rotator cuff repair (15%). Important sex-based differences were seen with these injuries including differences in fears regarding recovery after ACL injury and pre- and post-operative pain scores following rotator cuff injury. Despite increasing recognition of the role of biologic sex in the treatment and outcomes of sports injuries, very little is known about the impact of gender in sports injuries. Previous sociological literature suggests that gender may play an important role in one's athletic experience, and thus their injury experience. With most of the included studies focused on only three injury types, the experiences of female and non-binary athletes with all other sports injuries are poorly characterized. The lack of gender-inclusive sports injuries research means that the complete experiences of female, non-binary and transgender athletes are not comprehensively captured in the current literature. Future research should aim to characterize the effect of gender on the treatment and outcomes on all sport-related injuries, with the goal of providing inclusive surgical care for all athletes.

Indexed as

ArthroscopyFemaleGenderNon-binarySexSports injuries

Identifiers

PMID40347308
PMCPMC12325152

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.