Evidence mapPaperPMID 40348607Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2025

Impact of lifestyle on diabetic nephropathy in aged 18-64 years: A population-based cross-sectional analysis from NHANES 2007-2018.

Zhijun Zhang, Zhaoyinling Wei, Ling Gao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Zhijun ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6766-419X
Zhaoyinling WeiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Ling GaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Funding

China International Medical Foundation 2018HX0003Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2042020kf1079National Natural Science Foundation of China 82270861Planned international development Project of Wuhan University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe relationship between lifestyle and overall health has garnered significant attention. This study aimed to evaluate the association between lifestyle factors and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in adults aged 18-64 years. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 2,389 participants from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The use of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET), sleeping duration, smoking, and drinking status as indicators to assess lifestyle. Logistic regression analyses and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the results. A subgroup analysis was performed to identify any variations.

resultsLogistic regression analysis indicates that poor HEI and sleep duration but not physical activity are associated with an increased risk of DN. Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions between HEI and age, blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipid control; MET interacted with blood pressure and HbA1c control; Sleeping duration interacted with age, smoking, blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipid control; Smoking interacted with age, blood pressure control, and lipid control; Drinking interacted with blood pressure control. Moreover, restricted cubic splines indicated that with increasing HEI, the prevalence of DN tended to decrease. However, the associations between the other two lifestyle factors (MET level and sleeping duration) and DN were all U-shaped.

conclusionsLifestyle factors are closely associated with diabetic nephropathy. Both unhealthy eating habits and inadequate or excessive sleeping duration and physical activity contribute to an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy, whereas no statistically significant association is observed in smoking and drinking.

Indexed as

Diabetic NephropathiesLife StyleAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesExerciseFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPrognosisRisk FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultDiabetic nephropathyLifestylesNHANES

Identifiers

PMID40348607
PMCPMC12315247

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.