ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Social welfare and economic equality: healthcare expenditure as a moderator.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The impact of physical exercise on medical expenditure among middle-aged and older adults: digital literacy as a moderating variable.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to examine the impact of social welfare expenditure on household economic equality, as well as the moderating effect of healthcare expenditure on this relationship. Additionally, the study seeks to propose policy recommendations to address universal health issues and enhance the overall level of national welfare. Methods: Utilizing the CFPS database, this study employs a two-way fixed effects model, along with moderating effect models, to investigate the impacts of social welfare expenditure, household healthcare expenditures, family education expenditures, and household housing expenditures on the advancement of household economic equality. Results: This study found that for every 1% increase in social welfare expenditure, family economic equality can be improved by 0.033. However, the study also revealed a decrease of 0.069 in the employment quality of the head of the household, indicating that social welfare expenditure negatively impacts this employment quality. Additionally, the moderating effect analysis demonstrated a significantly negative interaction between healthcare expenditure and social welfare expenditure, suggesting that family healthcare expenditure diminishes the positive effect of social welfare expenditure on the advancement of family economic equality. Conclusion: The government should optimize and expand the level and efficiency of social welfare expenditure. For instance, the government could implement a 'universal free medical care' policy. Specific measures may include waiving medical insurance premiums, ensuring full reimbursement, and adopting a 'treatment first, settlement later' system. These initiatives will effectively alleviate the economic burden of health-related issues on families and promote equitable development of family economies. Furthermore, the government should also enhance policies related to employment quality. Such measures will contribute to optimizing the level and efficiency of social welfare expenditure, fostering economic equality, and narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.