ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2025
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke on Children and Adolescents Aged Under 20 Years From 1990 to 2021, With Projections of Disability-Adjusted Life Year to 2050: A Comprehensive Demographic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global Pediatric Stroke Epidemiology: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis.Journal of child neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Comprehensive Evaluation of YJ-2 as a PAD4 Inhibitor in Alleviating Ischemic Brain Injury: From NETs-Induced Neurotoxicity to In Vivo Neuroprotection.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Global burden and trends of non-communicable diseases among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021: an age-period-cohort and frontier analysis with projections to 2035.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Pediatric Stroke in Asia and Africa: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Resource-Stratified Care Across Geographic and System-Level Disparities.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026Review
- Timely surgical intervention in sickle cell-related hemorrhagic stroke: a pediatric success story and literature review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025Review
- Epidemiological trends and future projections of ischemic stroke in children and adolescents: a global analysis from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStroke in children is a global epidemic.
methodsData on stroke, including incidence, DALYs, mortality, and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2021, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to evaluate changes in the age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), DALYs (ASDR), and mortality (ASMR), as well as trends by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Projections of DALYs to 2050 were made.
resultsIn 2021, there were 310,133 incident stroke cases, accounting for 24,807 deaths and 2,414,655 DALYs among children and adolescents. The global ASIR, ASDR, and ASMR for stroke were 11.8, 93.9, and 1.0 per 100,000 population, respectively. Middle-to-low-SDI regions accounted for 81.6% of incident cases, 90.2% of DALYs, and 92.7% of deaths. A reversed V-shaped association was observed between SDI and ASRs. Children < 1 year had the highest ASRs, with rates generally decreasing with age, and the highest incidence of hemorrhagic stroke. Adolescents aged 15-19 years had the highest incidence of ischemic stroke. Non-optimal temperature contributed the most to the DALYs and death rates for stroke. By 2050, it is projected that 282,404 DALYs will be lost due to stroke.
conclusionsStroke burden varies by the GBD region, country, age, sex, and SDI. Despite declines in ASRs, stroke remains a significant burden, especially in middle-to-low-SDI regions, among children < 1 year, and among those with intracerebral hemorrhage. Non-optimal temperature emerges as the leading modifiable risk factor for children stroke; targeted interventions can prevent this.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.