ArticleJournal of the science of food and agriculture2025
Exploring the antimicrobial activity of fermented and non-fermented cocoa bean shell extracts through metabolomics analysis and synergistic studies.
Article in Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Candidate blood biomarkers linked with feed intake efficiency and weight gain in sheep.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant-Based Agri-Food Residues: Advances Toward Sustainable Valorization.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCocoa bean shell (CBS) extracts have emerged as a promising source of antimicrobial compounds. However, the bioactive compounds responsible for their antimicrobial activity have not been studied sufficiently. This study analyzed the antimicrobial properties of 12 extracts from fermented and non-fermented CBS, employing solvent and steam distillation extraction techniques to maximize bioactive diversity. The extracts were assessed against selected bacteria and fungi, including the 'ESKAPE' pathogens.
resultsThe CBS solvent and steam distillation extracts (except for ethyl acetate-fermented CBS) were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 0.0625 mg mL
conclusionThese findings highlight the significant potential of bioactive compounds present in CBS for use in the development of sustainable antimicrobial agents. These naturally occurring compounds, including CAF, TB, and TMP, exhibited notable antimicrobial properties, which could also be harnessed to enhance the activity of commonly used antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin. Future studies could focus on determining the mode of action of these bioactive molecules. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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