Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40357671›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025

Central Role of Hypertension in HIV Comorbidity Networks: A Population-Based Study of Age and Sex-Specific Patterns in Southwest China.

Biao Yu, Ningjun Ren, Ticheng Xiao, Jinyu Chen, Zhiwen Pi, Lingxi He, Jingbo Zhang, Huachun Zou, Ailing Li, Run Chen and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Biao YuSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.ORCID 0009-0002-0808-781X
Ningjun RenSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.ORCID 0000-0003-3339-0511
Ticheng XiaoLuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Luzhou Sichuan China.
Jinyu ChenSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.ORCID 0009-0001-1971-0980
Zhiwen PiSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.ORCID 0009-0006-9603-0360
Lingxi HeSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.ORCID 0009-0008-8903-5264
Jingbo ZhangSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.
Huachun ZouSchool of Public Health Fudan University Shanghai China.ORCID 0000-0002-8161-7576
Ailing LiSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.
Run ChenSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.
Xiaoxue ChenSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.ORCID 0009-0004-2899-5545
Yanhua ChenSchool of Nursing Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.
Fuli HuangDepartment of Infectious Diseases Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.
Hang ChenLuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Luzhou Sichuan China.ORCID 0000-0001-7634-0202
Song FanSchool of Public Health Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.ORCID 0000-0002-2228-5401

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe increasing life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLWH) has transformed HIV management into chronic disease care. This transformation has introduced complex patterns of comorbidities that challenge current health care approaches. A deeper understanding of the interactions between these conditions and their distribution across demographic groups remains essential for optimizing care.

methodsThis study analyzed electronic health records of 13 884 adult people living with HIV in Luzhou, China (2001-2022). Network analysis identified central comorbidities and their interactions. Hierarchical clustering revealed disease patterns, while time series analysis tracked temporal trends. A nomogram-based prediction model underwent development and validation using bootstrap resampling.

resultsThe analysis identified comorbidities in 34.58% of the cohort. Network analysis revealed hypertension as the most central condition (Strength: 0.30, Betweenness: 82, Closeness: 0.0007), followed by metabolic disorders and peripheral vascular diseases. Four distinct comorbidity clusters emerged, with infectious and metabolic diseases forming the core cluster. Demographic patterns showed that younger, female, and homosexual people living with HIV exhibited patterns dominated by neoplasms and sexually transmitted diseases, contrasting with cardiovascular-metabolic patterns in older, male, and heterosexual individuals. Age >50 years (odds ratio, 2.220 [95% CI, 2.024-2.436]) and male sex (odds ratio, 1.145 [95% CI, 1.053-1.246]) emerged as significant predictors of comorbidity risk. The prediction model demonstrated acceptable calibration (

conclusionsThe findings establish hypertension as a central node in HIV comorbidity networks, with patterns varying by demographic characteristics. This evidence-based framework supports the development of targeted screening strategies and personalized interventions focused on central network conditions.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsHypertensionAdultAgedAge FactorsChinaComorbidityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSex FactorsYoung Adultcluster analysiscomorbiditieselectronic health recordsHIVnetwork analysis

Identifiers

PMID40357671
PMCPMC12184575

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.