Endophytes of Zingiberaceae: distribution and bioactivity of their bioactive metabolites.

The endophytes associated with the Zingiberaceae family have demonstrated remarkable potential in various biological activities through their bioactive compounds that are useful for both medical and agricultural purposes. Additionally, isolated secondary metabolites from symbiotic microbes associated with this family of plants have shown promising results in various biological activities such as antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial. This review focuses on the bioactive metabolites of Zingiberaceae endophytes with their potential biological activities against different pathogens as well as the production of phytohormones that promote plant growth. Furthermore, bibliometric analysis revealed the current key trends and collaborative works in this field. Additionally, the bibliometric analysis also explored a total of 75 relevant publications from the Scopus database that India is the most contributing country in this field with 38.7% of the total reported research work. The bibliometric approach helps uncover new research gaps by identifying emerging trends, underexplored topics, and collaborative networks, providing insights into areas that require further investigation and development. Notably, Streptomyces spp. have been commonly reported as potent endophytes, generating bioactive substances such as Vanillin and Resacetophenone with strong antibacterial activities. Significant knowledge gaps still exist, and with evolving therapeutic potential, this could offer a wide opportunity for new studies to emerge.