Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40359258›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume2025

Colorado Limb Donning-Timed Up and Go (COLD-TUG) Test in Lower-Extremity Amputation: Less Donning Time with Osseointegrated Bone-Anchored Prosthetic Limb.

Mohamed E Awad, Guy Lev, Danielle H Melton, Kylie G Shaw, Peter B Thomsen-Freitas, Brecca M M Gaffney, Cory L Christiansen, Jason W Stoneback

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mohamed E AwadDepartment of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.ORCID 0000-0001-7525-5364
Guy LevUniversity of Colorado Bone-Anchored Limb Research Group (BALRG), Aurora, Colorado.ORCID 0009-0002-7701-8834
Danielle H MeltonUniversity of Colorado Bone-Anchored Limb Research Group (BALRG), Aurora, Colorado.ORCID 0000-0002-1314-6426
Kylie G ShawDepartment of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.ORCID 0000-0001-5383-9756
Peter B Thomsen-FreitasUniversity of Colorado Bone-Anchored Limb Research Group (BALRG), Aurora, Colorado.ORCID 0009-0007-8761-8901
Brecca M M GaffneyUniversity of Colorado Bone-Anchored Limb Research Group (BALRG), Aurora, Colorado.ORCID 0000-0003-4556-5868
Cory L ChristiansenUniversity of Colorado Bone-Anchored Limb Research Group (BALRG), Aurora, Colorado.ORCID 0000-0003-3273-1169
Jason W StonebackDepartment of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.ORCID 0000-0003-0205-796

Funding

NIH Prior Approval Process ProfessionalUL1TR002535 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2018 to 2022
$51.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002535
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOsseointegration of a bone-anchored limb (BAL) establishes a direct skeletal interface for prosthesis attachment, simplifying the donning/doffing process. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test reliably assesses mobility in individuals with lower-extremity amputation who use socket prostheses, but it does not account for the time required to don a prosthetic limb. The aim of this study was to develop and examine the reliability and validity of the Colorado Limb Donning-Timed Up and Go (COLD-TUG) test. This test combines the time required for donning a prosthesis with the time to complete the TUG test in lower-extremity amputees using a prosthesis.

methodsParticipants with a unilateral lower-extremity amputation were enrolled in this study; participants were divided into 2 groups: socket prosthesis users (n = 15) and BAL users (n = 22). The COLD-TUG test measured the time (in seconds) required to don the prosthesis, get up from a standard chair, walk 3 m, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down again. Group differences as well as the intrarater reliability and concurrent validity of the test were analyzed.

resultsThere were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of baseline characteristics. The intrarater reliability of the COLD-TUG test was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.94; p = 0.001). The concurrent validity between the COLD-TUG test and the TUG test in BAL patients was good (r = 0.712; p = 0.006). Participants in the BAL group had a significantly shorter mean COLD-TUG time (16.6 ± 5.6 seconds) compared with participants in the socket-prosthesis group (85.3 ± 61.4 seconds) (p < 0.001).

conclusionsThe COLD-TUG test accurately measures prosthesis-donning burden in the context of functional mobility, thus providing valuable insights into functional abilities and quality of life. Use of a BAL was associated with a shorter donning time compared with use of a socket prosthesis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Indexed as

Amputation, SurgicalArtificial LimbsBone-Anchored ProsthesisLower ExtremityOsseointegrationAdultAgedAmputeesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID40359258
PMCPMC12266965

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.