Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40359339›Full record

ArticleACS nano2025

Blueprints for Better Drugs: The Structural Revolution in Nanomedicine.

Chad A Mirkin, Robert Langer, Milan Mrksich, Adam A Margolin, Sarah Hurst Petrosko, Natalie Artzi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Metal-Phenolic Coatings Enable Universal Design of Spherical Nucleic Acids.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. E7Science advances · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Chad A MirkinDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6634-7627
Robert LangerDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4255-0492
Milan MrksichDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4964-796X
Adam A MargolinFlashpoint Therapeutics, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States.
Sarah Hurst PetroskoDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7319-3232
Natalie ArtziBrigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2211-6069

Funding

Resource Development CoreU54DK137516 · NIDDK · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Eun Ji Paige Chung, Pinelopi P. Kapitsinou · 2023 to 2026
$4.8M
Innovative Research for Cancer Nanotechnology (IRCN) for Enhancing Melanoma-specific Immune Responses by the Rational Design of Spherical Nucleic AcidsR01CA257926 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · PI CHAD A. MIRKIN, Bin Zhang · 2022 to 2026
$2.5M
Spherical Nucleic Acid nano-architectures as first-in-class cGAS agonists for the immunotherapeutic treatment of Glioblastoma.R01CA275430 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MIRKIN, CHAD A., STEGH, ALEXANDER H. · 2022 to 2025
$2.3M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA257926NCI NIH HHS R01 CA275430NIDDK NIH HHS U54 DK137516
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Structural nanomedicines are engineered constructs that arrange therapeutic components into well-defined architectures to maximize efficacy. Their multivalent, multifunctional design offers key advantages over unstructured formulations, including targeted delivery, expanded therapeutic windows, and enhanced target engagement. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines exemplify their transformative potential. However, structural precision varies, and more well-defined architectures will streamline optimization, manufacturing, and regulation. Unlike small molecule drugs, nanomedicines within a batch are not identical. Identifying the most effective, least toxic structures will advance our understanding of structure-function relationships and therapeutic mechanisms. This work highlights structural nanomedicines─small molecules, nucleic acids, and biologics─to galvanize the field and drive innovation toward even safer, more effective treatments that benefit patients.

Indexed as

COVID-19 Drug TreatmentCOVID-19 VaccinesNanomedicineCOVID-19Drug Delivery SystemsHumansSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID40359339
PMCPMC12168243

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.