ArticleEye (London, England)2025
Causal relationships between depression, anxiety, and myopia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Osteoarthritis and depression a bidirectional TwoSample Mendelian randomization study on genetic causal association.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- The moderating role of gender in the association between latent psychosocial profiles and myopia severity among adolescents.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Myo-inflam: a mini review on inflammatory pathways driving scleral remodeling and axial elongation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mendelian Randomization Studies of Myopia: Choosing the Right Summary Statistics.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- IMI-Myopia Genetics Report.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the causal relationship between depression, anxiety, and myopia.
methodsThe multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) design using summary statistics from independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was employed. The anxiety and depression, were used as exposures, and myopia was used as the outcome. Genetic variants associated with depression were derived using GWAS summary statistics from the FinnGen consortium database. Genetic variants associated with anxiety were derived from the Psychiatric Genomics consortium. The inverse-variance-weighted method was the main applied analytic tool and was complemented with comprehensive sensitivity analyses.
resultsA total of 21, 10 SNPs were selected as instrumental variables for depression and anxiety, respectively. Based on the IVW analysis, both depression (OR = 1.010, 95% CI = 1.002-1.018, P = 0.016) and anxiety (OR = 1.083, 95%CI = 1.022-1.149, P = 0.008) increased the risk of myopia. After adjusting in the multivariable MR, the IVW and Egger methods indicated that depression (OR = 1.004, 95%CI = 1.000-1.008, P = 0.030) or anxiety (OR = 1.004, 95%CI = 1.001-1.008, P = 0.026) was still associated with elevated risks of myopia.
conclusionsThe current study identified a causal relationship between anxiety, depression, and an increased risk of myopia. These observations suggest that when developing strategies to control myopia, it is also important to focus on the mental health of children. Further detailed research is needed to fully understand this issue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.