Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40361239›Full record

ReviewBiology of sex differences2025

Sex differences in bladder cancer: understanding biological and clinical implications.

Prakash Chaudhary, Biplab Singha, Hany A Abdel-Hafiz, Maria Velegraki, Debasish Sundi, Swati Satturwar, Anil V Parwani, Sergei I Grivennikov, Sungyong You, Helen S Goodridge and 7 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biology of sex differences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. The emerging role of the microbiome in bladder cancer: prognostic implications and treatment response.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026
    Review
  8. Effect of co-occurring mutations inFrontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Prakash Chaudhary *Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Biplab Singha *Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Hany A Abdel-HafizSamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Maria VelegrakiPelotonia Institute for Immuno‑Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Debasish SundiDepartment of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center Board of Governors, Columbus, OH, USA.
Swati SatturwarDepartment of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Anil V ParwaniDepartment of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Sergei I GrivennikovDepartment of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Sungyong YouSamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Helen S GoodridgeDepartment of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Qin MaDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Yuzhou ChangDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Anjun MaDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Bin ZhengDepartment of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Dan TheodorescuSamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Zihai LiPelotonia Institute for Immuno‑Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Xue LiDepartment of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Sean.Li@cshs.org.

Funding

Translational Therapeutics Research Program (TT)P30CA016058 · NCI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Daniel G. Stover · 1985 to 2026
$132.3M
The Role of the Y Chromosome in Bladder Tumor Development, Growth And ProgressionP01CA278732 · NCI · CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER · PI Hany Abdel-Malek Abdel-Hafiz · 2023 to 2026
$10.7M
Sexual Dimorphism in Bladder CancerR01CA267108 · NCI · CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER · PI Xue Sean Li · 2022 to 2026
$2.9M
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health 1P01CA278732National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health 1R01CA267108NCI NIH HHS P01 CA278732NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016058NCI NIH HHS R01 CA267108
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) remains a significant global health concern, with substantial sex and racial disparities in incidence, progression, and outcomes. BC is the sixth most common cancer among males and the seventeenth most common among females worldwide. Over 90% of BC cases are urothelial carcinoma (UC) with high degrees of pathological heterogeneity. Molecular subtyping of BC has also revealed distinct luminal, basal, and neuroendocrine subtypes, each with unique genetic and immune signatures. Emerging research uncovers the biasing effects of the sex hormones with androgens increasing BC risk through both tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. The sex chromosomes, including both the X and Y chromosomes, also contribute to the sex differences in BC. The effect of sex chromosome is both independent from and synergistic with the effects of sex hormones. Loss of the Y chromosome is frequently observed in BC patients, while an extra copy of the X chromosome confers better protection against BC in females than in males. Advent of advanced technologies such as multiomics and artificial intelligence will likely further improve the understanding of sex differences in BC, which may ultimately lead to personalized preventative and treatment strategies depending on the biological sex of patients. This review delves into the impacts of biology of sex on BC, emphasizing the importance of further research into sex-specific biology to improve cancer prevention and care.

Indexed as

Sex CharacteristicsUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsAnimalsFemaleHumansMaleNon-canonical sex-biasing factorsPrecision medicineSex chromosomesSex hormonesUrothelial carcinoma

Identifiers

PMID40361239
PMCPMC12070554

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.